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Dr Nicole Byrne has worked as a speech pathologist for over 20 years, and is currently the team leader of the Kaleidoscope Community Based Speech Pathology services. Tania Lyddiard has worked as a paediatric speech pathologist for over 15 years and is the SP OOHC coordinator for Kaleidoscope Community Based Speech Pathology services. Windsor, J., Benigno, J., Wing, C., Carroll, P., Koga, S., Nelson, C., Fox, N., & Zeanah, C. (2011). Effect of foster care on young children’s language learning. Child Development , 82 (4), 1040–1046. Sedlak, A. J. (2001). A history of the National Incidence Study of Child Abuse and Neglect . Retrieved from US Department of Health and Human Services website https:// www.nis4.org/NIS_History.pdf Snow, P., & Powell, M. (2011). Oral language competence in incarcerated young offenders: Links with offending severity. International Journal of Speech- Language Pathology , 13 (6), 480–489. Stone, S. (2007). Child maltreatment, out-of-home placement and academic vulnerability: A fifteen year review of evidence and future directions. Children and Youth Services Review , 29 (2),139–161. Sullivan, P., & Knutson, J. (2000). Maltreatment and disabilities: A population-based epidemiological study. Child Abuse and Neglect , 24 (10), 1257–1273. Webster, S., Temple-Smith, M. & Smith, A. (2012). Children and young people on out-of-home care: improving access to primary care. Australian Family Physician , 41 (10), 819–822 Westby, C., (2007). Child maltreatment: A global issue. Language, Speech and Hearing Services in Schools , 38 (2), 140–148. McLeod, S., & McKinnon, D.H. (2007). The prevalence of communication disorders compared with other learning needs in 14,500 primary and secondary school students. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders , 42 (S1), 37–59. Nathanson, D., & Tzioumi, D. (2007). Health needs of Australian children living in out-of-home care. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health , 43 (10), 695–699. NSW Department of Premier and Cabinet. (2009). Keep them safe report: A shared approach to child wellbeing . Retrieved from http://www.dpc.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/ pdf_file/0004/57145/Keep_Them_Safe.pdf NSW Ministry of Health. (2012) NSW Aboriginal health plan 2013–2023 . Retrieved from http://www.health. nsw.gov.au/publications/Pages/nsw-aboriginal-health- plan-2013-2023.aspx Roberts, J., Pollack., K., Krakow., R., Price., J., Fulmer., K., & Wang., P. (2005). Language development in preschool-age children adopted from China. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research , 48 (1), 93–107. Royal Australasian College of Physicians. (2006). Paediatric policy: Health of children in out-of- home care . Retrieved from http://www.racp.edu. au/index.cfm?objectid=7315DC15-D37F-8CFB- 1D4E3507F6617DD6

on the management of Otitis Media in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations . Canberra: Office of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health, Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care. Croft, C., Beckett, C., Rutter, M., Castle, J., Colvert, E., Groothues, C., ...Sonuga-Barke, E.J. (2007). Early adolescent outcomes of institutionally-deprived and non- deprived adoptees. II: Language as a protective factor and a vulnerable outcome. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 48 (1), 31–44. Culp, R., Watkins., R, Lawrence, H., Letts, D., Kelly, D., & Rice, M. (1991). Maltreated children’s language and speech development: Abused, neglected, and abused and neglected. First Language , 11 (33), 377–389. Eigsti, I., & Cicchetti, D. (2004). The impact of child maltreatment on expressive syntax at 60 months. Developmental Science , 7 (1), 88–102 English, D., Thompson, R., Graham, J., & Briggs, E. (2005). Toward a definition of neglect in young children. Child Maltreatment , 10 (2), 190–206. Fox, N., Almas, A., Degnan, K., Nelson, C., & Zeanah, C. (2011). The effects of severe psychosocial deprivation and foster care intervention on cognitive development at 8 years of age: Findings from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 52 (9), 919–928. Glennen, S., & Masters, M., (2002). Typical and atypical language development in infants and toddlers adopted from Eastern Europe. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology , 11 (4), 417–433. Golding, S., Williams, C., & Leitão, S. (2011). Speech and language development: Knowledge and experiences of foster carers. ACQuiring Knowledge in Speech, Language and Hearing , 13 (1), 12–19. Henry, J., Sloane, M., & Black-Pond., C. (2007). Neurobiology and neurodevelopmental impact of childhood traumatic stress and prenatal alcohol exposure. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools , 38 (2), 99–108. Hoff, E. (2003) The specificity of environmental influence: Socioeconomic status affects early vocabulary development via maternal speech. Child Development , 74 (5), 1368–1378. Hunter New England Health Local Health District (HNELHD). (2012). HNELHD Community Paediatric Clinical Priority Tool . Newcastle, NSW: Author. Hwa-Froelich, D. (2012). Childhood maltreatment and communication development. Perspectives on School- Based Issues , 13 (2), 43–53. Jessup, B., Ward, E., Cahill, L., & Keating, D. (2008). Prevalence of speech and/or language impairment in preparatory students in northern Tasmania. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology , 10 (5), 364–77. Lyddiard, T. (2012a). Speech and language development in children – Education package . Newcastle, NSW: Hunter New England Local Health District. Lyddiard, T. (2012b, August). Kaleidoscope Out of Home Care – Speech and language education package: Poster presentation . Association of Children’s Welfare Agencies conference, Sydney. McIntosh, G., & Phillips, J. (2002). Who’s looking after the kids? An overview of child abuse and child protection in Australia [E-Brief] . Retrieved from http://www.aph. gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/ Parliamentary_Library/Publications_Archive/archive/ ChildAbuse

Correspondence to: Tania Lyddiard Kaleidoscope Speech Pathology OOHC Belmont Hospital Croudace Bay Rd, Belmont NSW 2280 email: Tania.Lyddiard @hnehealth.nsw.gov.au

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JCPSLP Volume 15, Number 3 2013

www.speechpathologyaustralia.org.au