Physics Bucharest 2017

Initiators = Carcinogens

Agent

Cancer

Viruses

HTLV-1 & HTLV-2 HIV Hepadnaviruses

Leukemia (ATL) --- Hepatocellular ca. Cervical ca. (…) Burkitt’s lymph. – NPC Kaposi’s sarcoma Sarcomas, Breast (…) Skin Mesothelioma Oesophagus, Gastric Lung, Bladder, HN

HPV EBV KSHV

Chemicals

Tobacco X-rays UV light Asbestos

Physical

Inflammation

Dietary factors

??

Carcinogenic substances either • trigger oncogenes (genes that cause cells to grow out of control) or • hinder the activity of tumor suppressor genes (genes that regulate a multitude of processes to work against cancerous cell growth)