Physics Bucharest 2017

Oncogenes (Tumor Inducing Genes)

• Proto-oncogen • normal gen • aid in the differentiation and growth regulation in cells • Oncogenic mutation • Mutation in a proto-oncogene resulting in an oncogene • Types of mutations

• Insertions • deletions • point mutations • gene amplification or duplication (extra copies) • chromosomal translocation (a section of one chromosome is detach and reattach itself to another chromosome) • How does a mutation activate an oncogene? • Increased enzyme or protein activity • Regulation loss • Increased protein concentration Increased transcription rate