Corrections_Today_May_June_2019

n RE-ENTRY

Social integration is one of the first ways in which individuals transitioning from prison to the community can begin to see themselves as part of society.

integrate into an existing culture with which they identify. The natural reconciliation with social groups, with which ex-offenders were, by choice or by chance, formerly af- filiated, is a part of reintegration. According to T. Clear in “Imprisoning Communities,” social integration is a way in which societies and groups control their members’ behaviors. Understanding just how important social inte- gration is to the transition from prison to the community can influence access to resources (job leads, housing and child care). A lack of social integration may create tension, resulting in a return to deviant behavior because of per- ceived social upheaval, or social or familial crisis. Social integration has the potential to generate social networks, which can be emotionally and financially supportive. 14 Part of the reintegration process for a person transition- ing from prison to the community involves the cultivation of trusting relationships and networking with community members. In order for this process to begin, both commu- nity members and formerly incarcerated persons must be willing to establish a relationship. Community investment During the re-entry process, the community can be both an asset and obstacle for the individual return- ing home from prison. Communities can build social networks and provide the social and cultural capital necessary to support local resources, employment oppor- tunities and housing. 15 However, the re-entry process can be obstructed when communities are faced with poverty, joblessness and high crime rates. Social interaction with community residents positively affects the re-entry process when neighbors are willing to engage and support the efforts of rehabilitation. When people take responsibility for the actions that occur in

istock/rocksunderwater

in that it fails to examine how contact with community members may impact recidivism or the manner in which this contact directly affects reintegration and adjustment. Previous studies regarding post-release recidivism have demonstrated relationships between the deficiencies in housing, substance abuse and mental health treatment, education, community support and socioeconomic status. All of these factors increase the likelihood of reconviction and readmission to prison. The collateral consequences of incarceration, and subsequent effects of re-entry on family and community, have been well documented by researchers. 12,13 Additionally, other studies focus on the importance of social integration. Social integration is one of the first ways in which individuals transitioning from prison to the community can begin to see themselves as part of society. The socialization process begins when people

24 — May/June 2019 Corrections Today

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