Chemical Technology April 2015

Age of ‘Little Foot’ provides twist in story of hominid evolution An early hominid named Little Foot has been dated to 3,67 million years old, mak- ing the timeline of human evolution even more complicated. Little Foot was found in a cave at Sterkfontein in South Africa, an hour’s drive from Johannesburg in 1980, and identified as hominid in 1994. Accord- ing to co-author Ronald Clarke, a professor

at the Evolutionary Studies Institute at the University of Witwatersrand and Little Foot’s discoverer, the name came from a play on the mythical Big Foot, and because four foot bones were discovered first. For more infor- mation go to www.crown.co.za/latest-news/ chemical-technology-latest-news Reprinted with permission of the PNAS IChemE Training courses offered: Plan your professional development for 2015 Fundamentals of Process Safety Man- agement – May The course has been accredited by ECSA

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SAIChE IChemE Gauteng Branch The Gauteng Branch Committee has the pleasure of inviting you and your spouse to

Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA) - October Date From: 19 October 2015 Date To: 20 October 2015 Location: South Africa Description: Covers the basic methodology of LOPA and the detailed stages of its applica- tion. Participants are shown how to identify significant scenarios, estimate frequencies for the worst-case events and how to assign risk categories. Event Type:  IChemE Course Venue: Boksburg, South Africa Organiser:  IChemE Contact Name: Rod Prior Contact Phone: +27 (0)82 554 0010 Contact Email:  r.prior@mweb.co.za Fees: R5 500 http://www.icheme.org/lopasa

our Annual General Meeting. Save the date: 29 May 2015 Time: 18:45 for 19:15 Place: TBC

and is worth 4 CPD points Date From: 25 May 2015

Nominations are needed for the Gauteng Branch Committee. Please take note of the following part of item 8.1 of the Rules of Conduct of the Gauteng Branch: “... members shall serve for two years with retirement of half the members each year. Retiring members of the committee shall be eligible for re-election.” The nomina- tion form can be found via the SAIChE IChemE website http://www.saiche.co.za/ or contact us for more information  saiche@ mweb.co.za

Date To: 29 May 2015 Location: South Africa

Description:  An intensive course covering the fundamentals and highlights the impor- tance of having a clear understanding of the principles of process safety management

throughout an organisation. Event Type:  IChemE Course Venue: Boksburg, South Africa Organiser:  IChemE Contact Name: Rod Prior

Contact Phone: +27 (0)82 554 0010 Contact Email:  r.prior@mweb.co.za Fees : R13 000 Early bird discount: 5% if payment is received before 17 April 2015 http://www.icheme.org/fpsm

SAIChE IChemE contact details PO Box 2125, NORTH RIDING, 2162

tel: +27 11 704 5915; fax: (0) 86 672 9430;

email: saiche@mweb.co.za; website: www saiche.co.za

Complete the grid so that every row across, every column down and every 3x3 box is filled with the numbers 1 to 9. That’s all there is to it! No mathematics are involved. The grid has numbers, but nothing has to add up to anything else. You solve the puzzle with reasoning and logic. For an introduction to Sudoku see http:// en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Sudoku SUDOKU NO. 104 Chemical Technology is the only publication in Africa for chemical engineers focusing on all unit operations in a comprehensive way

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Solution for SUDOKU 103

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Chemical Technology • April 2015