Wagner_Marriot's Practical Electrocardiography, 12e
CHAPTER 4
THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
75
Charles W. Olson, E. Harvey Estes, Jr., Vivian Paola Kamphuis, Esben A. Carlsen, David G. Strauss, and Galen S. Wagner Perspective
76 77 78 81 84 85 87
Three-Dimensional Electrocardiography Depolarization—The QRS Vector Loop
The Vectorcardiogram
Recording a Vectorcardiogram
The Vectorcardiogram and the Electrocardiogram Visualizing Vector Loops from the Electrocardiogram
SECTION II: ABNORMAL WAVE MORPHOLOGY
CHAPTER 5
CHAMBER ENLARGEMENT
89
David G. Strauss, Ljuba Bacharova, Galen S. Wagner, and Tobin H. Lim Chamber Enlargement
90 91 94 96 98 99
Atrial Enlargement
Systematic Approach to the Evaluation of Atrial Enlargement
Ventricular Enlargement Right-Ventricular Dilation Right-Ventricular Hypertrophy
Left-Ventricular Dilation
102 104 106
Left-Ventricular Hypertrophy
Ventricular Enlargement
CHAPTER 6
INTRAVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION ABNORMALITIES David G. Strauss, Tobin H. Lim, and Galen S. Wagner
117
Normal Conduction
118 119 123 131
Bundle-Branch and Fascicular Blocks
Unifascicular Blocks Bifascicular Blocks
Systematic Approach to the Analysis of Bundle-Branch and Fascicular Blocks Clinical Perspective on Intraventricular-Conduction Disturbances
140 143
CHAPTER 7
VENTRICULAR PREEXCITATION
149
Galen S. Wagner
Historical Perspective Clinical Perspective
150 151 153 156
Pathophysiology
Electrocardiographic Diagnosis of Ventricular Preexcitation Electrocardiographic Localization of the Pathway of Ventricular Preexcitation
159 162
Ablation of Accessory Pathways
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