Wagner_Marriot's Practical Electrocardiography, 12e

CHAPTER 4

THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROCARDIOGRAM

75

Charles W. Olson, E. Harvey Estes, Jr., Vivian Paola Kamphuis, Esben A. Carlsen, David G. Strauss, and Galen S. Wagner Perspective

76 77 78 81 84 85 87

Three-Dimensional Electrocardiography Depolarization—The QRS Vector Loop

The Vectorcardiogram

Recording a Vectorcardiogram

The Vectorcardiogram and the Electrocardiogram Visualizing Vector Loops from the Electrocardiogram

SECTION II: ABNORMAL WAVE MORPHOLOGY

CHAPTER 5

CHAMBER ENLARGEMENT

89

David G. Strauss, Ljuba Bacharova, Galen S. Wagner, and Tobin H. Lim Chamber Enlargement

90 91 94 96 98 99

Atrial Enlargement

Systematic Approach to the Evaluation of Atrial Enlargement

Ventricular Enlargement Right-Ventricular Dilation Right-Ventricular Hypertrophy

Left-Ventricular Dilation

102 104 106

Left-Ventricular Hypertrophy

Ventricular Enlargement

CHAPTER 6

INTRAVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION ABNORMALITIES David G. Strauss, Tobin H. Lim, and Galen S. Wagner

117

Normal Conduction

118 119 123 131

Bundle-Branch and Fascicular Blocks

Unifascicular Blocks Bifascicular Blocks

Systematic Approach to the Analysis of Bundle-Branch and Fascicular Blocks Clinical Perspective on Intraventricular-Conduction Disturbances

140 143

CHAPTER 7

VENTRICULAR PREEXCITATION

149

Galen S. Wagner

Historical Perspective Clinical Perspective

150 151 153 156

Pathophysiology

Electrocardiographic Diagnosis of Ventricular Preexcitation Electrocardiographic Localization of the Pathway of Ventricular Preexcitation

159 162

Ablation of Accessory Pathways

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