PADI RTO First Aid Student Manual

What are the nine indications of shock? Indications of shock may include: 1. rapid, weak pulse 2. pale or bluish tissue colour 3. moist, clammy skin – possibly with shivering 4. mental confusion, anxiety, restlessness or irritability 5. altered consciousness 6. nausea and perhaps vomiting 7. thirst, 8. dazed look, lacklustre eyes 9. shallow but rapid, laboured breathing. Even if you don’t recognise any of these indications, continue to manage for shock when you provide emergency care to an injured or ill casualty. Remember, it’s better to prevent shock than to let it complicate their condition. Stroke What is a stroke? A stroke can happen in two main ways. Either there is a blood clot or plaque that blocks a blood vessel in the brain that causes an ischaemic stroke; or a blood vessel in the brain breaks or ruptures causing an Haemorrhagic stroke. This deprives the brain of oxygen and causes cell death. Indications and damage depend on what part of the brain has been affected. Treat stroke as a medical emergency – call EMS and monitor the Cycle of Care (DRSABCDS). If the casualty is conscious sit upright leaning slightly forward and to the injured side, if innocuous put them into the lateral recovery position injured side down. What are five indications of stroke? 1. numbness, paralysis or weakness of face, arm or leg 2. speech difficulties 3. facial droop 4. unexplained headaches 5. sudden blurred or decreased vision in one eye, or both

HLTAID002 - PROVIDE BASIC EMERGENCY LIFE SUPPORT

HLTAID002 - PROVIDE BASIC EMERGENCY LIFE SUPPORT

Respiratory distress, incl. asthma What is hyperventilation and what are the indications? Hyperventilation is rapid breathing resulting from stress, deliberate over-breathing or other medical condition. The casualty may experience light headedness, air starvation, chest pressure, chest discomfort, panic, blurred vision and tingling. It is important to monitor the casualty and continue the Cycle of Care (DRSABCDS). What are two types of asthma attacks and how do you manage them? Asthma attacks can occur suddenly or develop over a period of time. Mild attack – difficulty breathing and wheezing. Reassure and monitor the casualty, encourage them to take a comfortable position. Severe attack – unable to speak, drowsy, unconscious, airway severely compromised, treat severe attack as a medical emergency. Follow the principles for primary assessment and care, tell casualty to breath slowly and help to take medication as prescribed, administer oxygen (if available) and keep reassuring the casualty. Continue the Cycle of Care (DRSABCDS). Shock What is shock and what causes it? Any injury or illness (serious or minor) that stresses the body may result in shock. Shock occurs when an injury or illness makes it difficult for the body’s circulatory system to provide adequate amounts of oxygenated blood to vital organs. During shock, the body begins to shut down. Shock is a life-threatening condition that is easier to prevent from getting worse than it is to manage or treat after it becomes severe. Shock management is the second S in the last step of the Cycle of Care (DRSABCDS). What conditions may cause shock? Some conditions that may cause shock are: severe bleeding, major trauma, severe burns, severe dehydration, heart attack, abnormal dilation of blood vessels (due to severe infection, allergic reaction, brain or spinal injury) or blocked blood flow to or from the heart.

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PADI RTO

PADI RTO