Discovering South America: Brazil

Giant of South America 11

coastal plain has been a major area of settlement and economic activity since colonial times. Twelve of the country’s state capitals are located along it. The plain widens in the southern part of the state of Rio Grande do Sul and extends into Argentina. Much of the rest of Brazil lies between 700 feet (214 meters) and 2,600 feet (793 meters) in elevation. The Brazilian Highlands, an enormous block of geologically ancient rocks, occupies most of the southern half of the country. The mountain ranges that run through parts of the highlands include the Serra da Mantiqueira, the Serra do Espinhaço, the Chapada Diamantina, and the Serra do Mar. The Serra do Mar forms a sharp edge along the coast from Rio de Janeiro south for about 600 miles (966 km) into the state of Santa Catarina. Some cliffs stand 2,600 feet (793 meters) above the shore. Behind the Serra do Mar, an extensive plateau reaches through the state of São Paulo and into the southern states.

A view of Rio de Janeiro, including Copacabana Beach. The coastal cities of Brazil enjoy warm temperatures all year.