SPADA

Detection

Structural Functional element

• Relatively easy to detect • Presence or absence • Often qualitative • inexpensive

• Relatively Not-easy to detect • Active or inactive • Qualitative and quantitative • Expensive • Representative of BoNT intoxication

Types of testing

Mouse assay (detection of functional toxin)

toxin neutralization by using antitoxin

toxin screening

toxin titer