SPADA

Smallpox - disease elimination/eradication Disease – viral exanthem Major (“avg” 30% CFR) and minor disease (<1% CFR) Disease prevention Childhood vaccination – variable rates; +/-variolation Global Smallpox Eradication program - 1958 Intensification of Smallpox eradication program 1967 • Surveillance -> contact tracing, vaccination of contacts (and contacts) • Isolation of cases, observation of contacts • Lyophilized vaccine, semi-standardized vaccine production

Vaccinia virus

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o “Take”~ protection No non-human animal reservoir Elimination in all countries by 1977 Commission to Certify Smallpox eradication activities • Certified as eradicated in 1979 WHA : Declaration of smallpox eradication 1980

* Smallpox and its Eradication WHO 1988

History- Variola virus elimination and eradication Consolidation of laboratory-held virus materials* 1975 survey by WHO, post lab exposure in 1973 (LSTMH) • 74 labs report Variola virus materials 1976 voluntary consolidation • 1978 – Birmingham, England smallpox “lab”: 1 death, illness 1979 – WHO Committee of Experts recommends to preserve Variola virus stocks in a few collaborating center (CC) labs, review in 1982:->19 recommendations by the Global Commission • 1979 – 7 labs report Variola virus stocks • 1981 – 4 CC labs with Variola virus • Periodic inspections for safe and secure use virus 1984 – consolidation of stocks to 2 WHO Collaborating Centers – BSL-4 facilities (WHA 33.4)

* Smallpox and its Eradication 1988