Electricity + Control June 2017

PRESSURE + LEVEL MEASUREMENT

• Researchers investigate what happens when volume quantity of off-gas flaring is regulated and the improved potential that this could have on power co-generation. • Steam is generated, in boiler houses, from burnable off-gases that are not used in the works’ production processes. • A certain percentage of these off-gases must be flared to help with regulation of the off-gas pipeline pressures since the pipelines are open to atmosphere.

[2] P.v.Z. Venter PvZ, S.E. Terblanche & M. van Eldik. (2015). Off- gas power generation optimization using a mixed integer linear programming model. ORSSA 2015 pp 81-90. [3] P.v.Z. Venter PvZ, S.E. Terblanche &M. van Eldik. (2015). Improv- ing Power Generation fromFluctuating Off-Gas Productions. ICUE 2015 pp 225-231. [4] H. Lund. (2007). Renewable energy strategies for sustainable development. Energy 32, pp. 912 – 919. [5] Z. Beihong & L Weiding. (2006). An optimal sizing method for cogeneration plants. Energy and Buildings 38, pp. 189-195. [6] J.M. Carrasco, J.T. Bialasiewicz, R.C.P. Guisado & J.I. Leon. (2006). Power-Electronic systems for the grid integration of renewable energy sources: a survey. IEEE transactions on industrial electron- ics 53(4). [7] S. Fazlollahi, P. Mandel, G Becker & F. Marechal. (2012). Methods for multi-objective investment and operating of complex energy systems. Energy 45, pp. 12-22. [8] S. Fazlollahi & F. Marechal. (2013). Multi-objective, multi-period optimization of biomass conversion technologies using evolution- ary algorithms and mixed integer linear programming (MILP). Applied Thermal Engineering 50, pp. 1504-1513. [9] M. Poschl, S. Ward & P. Owende. (2010). Evaluation of energy efficiency of various biogas production and utilization pathways. Applied Energy. 87, pp 3305-3321. [10]I. Dincer. (2000). Renewable energy and sustainable development: a crucial review. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews 4, pp 157-175.

take note

Philip Venter is a mathematical and statistical optimisation engineer, employed at the School for Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering at the NWU and a part-time Ph.D. student at the Centre for Business Mathematics and Informatics (BMI) at the NWU in Operations Research. Professor Fanie Terblanche is employed as an associated profes- sor at the Centre for Business Mathematics and Informatics. His main research interests are the formulation of optimisation models and the development of appropriate algorithms to gener- ate solutions for these models. Professor Martin van Eldik is an associate professor in the School of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering where his research group focuses on the next generation of heat pumps including the use of CO 2 as refrigerant for high temperature applications.

Enquiries: Philip Venter. Email 12330825@nwu.ac.za

ROUND UP

PRESSURE + LEVEL MEASUREMENT

Portable differential pressure measurement with internal sensor

Kobold, represented locally by Instrotech , has on offer their highly precise pressure measuring devices HND-P121/P231 to HND- P127, with integrated pressure sensors. On the top of the housing they have two pres- suremeasurement inputs that are connected to themeasuring points bymeans of a stable metal connection and plastic hoses, avail- able as accessories. Numerous measuring ranges in the over- pressure and under-pressure range are avail- able for various measurement tasks, such as differential pressure measurement. In addition to pressure display, these first-rate, compact, universally applicable measur- ing units offer additional functions such as minimum/maximum value memory, a hold function, tare function, automatic self-shut- off, or zero point offset.

The devices with an expanded spectrum of functions also have a logger function, a peak value memory, minimum/ maximum alarm, an adjustable measuring cycle, and averaging. Key features: • Integrated pressure sensor • Differential pressure measurement • T hose connections • Serial interface • Extensive additional functions • Relative pressure sensors Areas of application are chemical, pharma- ceutical and food industries; machine and apparatus construction as well as piping and container construction. Enquiries: Instrotech.Tel. +27 (0) 10 595 1831 or email sales@instrotech.co.za

Electricity+Control June ‘17

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