PADI RTO First Aid Student Manual

HLTAID003 - PROVIDE FIRST AID Ear injuries How do you manage outer ear injuries? If you suspect there is also head trauma (see ‘head injury’), call EMS. If there is any external bleeding, apply direct pressure. And if any portion has been amputated, treat accordingly. Apply a cool compress to the area to help decrease swelling and get medical attention. Fractures What is a fracture and what are the three main types of fractures? A fracture is defined as a crack, chip or break in the continuity of a bone. A closed fracture shows no associated open wound, although bruising may be evident. In cases of cracks and chips, simple fractures can be difficult to diagnose without the aid of X-rays. There may be bleeding into surrounding tissues. An open fracture is when the bone is fractured and there is also an associated open wound. In some cases the broken bone ends may protrude through the wound. The control of bleeding and prevention of further infection into the broken bone ends are major considerations in the treatment. Complicated fractures occur when the fracture causes damage to, or interference with, organs or other important structures. Examples are broken ribs causing lung damage, or a broken forearm causing damage to blood vessels. The most common type of complication is when broken bone ends trap blood vessels and restrict circulation which can have very serious consequences. Both open and closed fractures can be complicated when there is associated injury. Complicated fractures can also involve multiple bone fragments. Febrile convulsions What are febrile convulsions and how do you manage them? Febrile convulsions are usually associated with a rapid high fever or a viral infection causing electrical activity in the brain to be disturbed. Febrile convulsions occur in approximately 3% of all children at some stage between the age of six months and six years. Seizures not resulting in loss of consciousness require little first aid other than reassurance and protection of the casualty from injury. However, if this is occurring for the first time call 000 (Triple Zero) and place casualty in lateral recovery position. Head injury How do you recognise head injuries? Casualties suffering from head injuries can lose consciousness and be at risk of damage to the brain, eyes, ears, teeth, mouth and airway. Casualties may experience a changing level of consciousness, loss of consciousness, blood or fluid from ears, nose, and mouth, have difficulty speaking or moving and be agitated or irritable. Casualties may vomit, be nauseous, complain of headache or dizziness, or have altered pupil size and seizures. Concussion can occur with a head injury, leading to a temporary loss of consciousness followed by a rapid recovery. However, a severe head injury can lead to permanent disability and/or death.

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PADI RTO