PADI RTO First Aid Student Manual

HLTAID005 - PROVIDE FIRST AID IN REMOTE SITUATIONS

What communication systems, equipment and methods are available in remote situations?

SOS (Safe Our Souls) consists of 3 short, 3 long, 3 short signals - basically any signal repeated three times. This can be transmitted visually using flares, fire & smoke (potential hazard), three fires built in triangle or straight line, a flashing light, bright coloured markers, mirrors and other reflective devices, or by constructing SOS with clothes, logs or rocks, or you could use a ‘V’ Distress Sheet. An audible SOS signal can also be transmitted, for example by using a whistle.

Priorities in an emergency What are the priorities of management in first aid when dealing with life-threatening situations? Early recognition is a key step in initiating early management of an emergency situation. In all emergencies, the rescuer should assess the situation quickly to ensure safety for the rescuer, any casualty and bystanders (this may mean moving the casualty) and send for help (call EMS). If the casualty is unresponsive and not breathing normally, remember the Cycle of Care (DRSABCDS). Where there is more than one casualty, the care of an unconscious casualty has priority. Environment-specific considerations What are specific considerations contextualised to the following environments? Alpine environment Before the trip, consider the risk of driving on alpine roads, adequate clothing and other protection for skin, head (helmet) and eyes, as well as adequate provision of water and food. Also review fitness levels along with equipment requirements. In case of an emergency remember the Cycle of Care (DRSABCDS), seek shelter, stay warm, rehydrate and get help – make yourself visible. Desert environment Before the trip, consider checking weather forecasts. During the trip, keep everyone well hydrated, be sun smart, let someone know where you go, be aware that mobile phone coverage is not reliable and carry alternative communication equipment, choose the right gear, stick to defined walking trails. When driving service your vehicle and check road conditions. In case of an emergency remember the Cycle of Care (DRSABCDS), seek shelter, protect from sun, rehydrate and get help – make yourself visible. Marine environments Before the trip, consider safety equipment such as anchors, bailers or bilge pumps, EPIRBs, flares, fire extinguishers, radios and life jackets. Review first aid procedures for seasickness, hypothermia and venomous marine life injuries. Types of marine emergencies: capsizing, sinking, grounding, breakdown, fire and collisions. In case of an emergency remember the Cycle of Care (DRSABCDS), send a distress signal, stay warm and rehydrate – make yourself visible.

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