Secondary and Cumulative Impacts Master Management Plan - 2014

SECTION 4 – DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENT IN PLANNING AREA

4.10.2 Groundwater The Planning Area is within the Triassic Basin of the Piedmont region of North Carolina and is characterized by a thin regolith layer, which limits groundwater storage capacity. As a result, well yields tend to be low (around 5 to 25 gallons per minute[gpm]). Within the western portion of Wake County, where the Planning Area is located, approximately 6 percent of precipitation reaches the groundwater for recharge, contributing approximately 35 to 55 percent of stream baseflow during normal precipitation years (CDM, 2003). Groundwater within the Planning Area is generally free of contaminants and is used as a source of drinking water by individuals and community well systems (CDM, 2003). Because of the prevalence of Triassic soils in the area, septic systems may not percolate well, and could provide a public health hazard if not properly designed, installed, and maintained. Some residents within the Planning Area currently obtain their water from wells and discharge waste to septic systems. These residents could request that the Town provide service when municipal water and sewer are available to them. New development will be This section further describes those lands within the vacant and open space land use categories that are forested. In addition to land use data provided by the Town, land cover data from by the North Carolina Gap Analysis Program (NCGAP) were also analyzed and are described below (NCGAP, 2006). The NCGAP land cover data are based on a land use analysis performed by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), using 1992 satellite imagery. These data provide a better understanding of the types of forest resources present within the Planning Area. Much of the land classified as vacant by the Town is currently forested. The most dominant forest type within the Planning Area is Piedmont/Mountains Dry-Mesic Oak and Hardwood Forest. These forests are primarily oak dominated forests with white oak ( Quercus alba ) often dominant. Habitats with drier conditions are dominated by southern red ( Q . falcata ), post ( Q . stella ), and chestnut oaks ( Q . prinus ). Sweetgum ( Liquidambar styraciflua ) and yellow poplar ( Liriodendron tulipifera ) are the other main canopy species. Sites with basic soils may also provide habitat for eastern red cedar ( Juniperus virginiana ). Other natural communities in the Planning Area include the Piedmont Dry-Mesic Pine Forests, which are dominated by loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda ), especially those that previously were cleared. Communities with drier xeric habitats tend to be dominated by Virginia pine ( P . virginiana ) or shortleaf pine ( P . echinata ). Also present in the Planning Area are Dry-Mesic Oak and Pine Forests, which include loblolly pine with several oak species, such as white, post, and southern red oak. Another common forest type includes the Coniferous Cultivated Pine Plantations (natural and planted), with dominant pine species including loblolly, slash ( P . elliottii ), and longleaf ( P . palustris ). Because of the fragmented nature of forested parcels of land in the Planning Area, smaller areas of forest are not suitable for continued silviculture use. However, forested areas being converted to other land uses do provide a one-time source of wood products. served by current treatment facilities. 4.11 Forest Resources

4-19