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Bu rm e is te r & W a in Copenhagen . Denmark

PORT OF COPENHAGEN

1938

Next edition will be published at the beginning of 11)40.

PUBLISHED FOR THE PORT AUTHORITY BY SCANDINAVIAN SH I PP ING GAZETTE COPENHAGEN, DENMARK

The Pori of Copenhagen

INDEX, SEE PAGE 110

The letters and figures in parenthesis in the text indicate the position on the accompanying plan.

★

Every possible care in the compilation of depths and other data contained in this liooklet has been exercised, but the publishers do not warrant the accuracy of any of the information given.

The Port of Copenhagen

Nordre Toldbod 100 years ago.

PORT OF COPENHAGEN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT A bout the year 1150 the Port of Copenhagen was founded. It was then one of the centres of the abund­ ant herring fishery in the Sound and a connecting link for the ferries sailing to and from Scandia. During the 14th and 15th centuries the Port’s activities were closely connected with those of the North-German Hanseatic league, whose members were the city’s principal traders. During the 17th century the national trade experienced a tremendous boom. In the reign of King Christian IV the Naval Port and the Commercial Port were subject to large

7

The Port of Copenhagen

extensions. Trading companies were formed to carry on business with Denmark’s colonies in other parts of the world. At the close of the 18th century this period reached its climax, Denmark achieved a prominent position as a shipping nation. In 1894 the Copenhagen Free Port was built, being the first and largest of its kind in Scandinavia for the transit trade with the Baltic. From 1901— 14 the entire “Sydhavn“ (South Harbour) was constructed and considerable harbour extensions were made in the northern sections of the Port. From 1915— 19 extensions were made to the Free Port and new facilities provided in the Port's northern section. 1935. — The Langelinie quay for the tourist traffic with the large, foreign pleasure cruisers was opened in its extended form. The depth along the quay is now 9.1 metres. 1936. — The first part of the new Oil Harbour “Prove- stenshavnen“ was taken into service and the construction of the second stage was commenced. Immediate future. — Considerable new harbour work is being undertaken, particularly in the central and southern sections of the Port, and a systematic increase of the water- depth in the various sections of the Port will be carried out.

*

9

The Port of Copenhagen

GEOGRAPHICAL he Port of Copenhagen is situated on the 0resund which connects the Kattegat and the Baltic. The geographical location of the harbour is Lat. 55° 42' N. and Long. 12° 37' E. The distance from the breakwaters ( T .7 ) at the north to the embankment ( B . 4 ) at the south is 8.4 km. The water areas used as basins and fairways total about 500 hectares. The land areas belonging to the harbour amount to 116 ha., including 33 ha. for streets and quays, and in addition the land area of the Free Port covers 52 ha. The total length of the quays is 37 km, of which about 23 km are stone quays and the remainder wooden wharves. The Government and the City own about 1.5 km each, 9 km belong to private companies and the remainder of the quay­ age is owned by the Port Authority.

Arrival of tourist ship at Langelinie quay.

11

The Port of Copenhagen

THE PORT OF COPENHAGEN DURING 1937

uring the year 1937 the freight market continued to show that upward tendency which was in evidence in 1936. Early in the autumn, however, the climax was reached and towards the end of the year rates declined. The increasing demand for tonnage all over the world, which these freights must be taken as an expression of, has naturally resulted in an increased use of the Port of Copen­ hagen. During 1937, 24,809 vessels aggregating 8,005,498 net reg. tons entered the port, which undeniably is a reduction in the number of ships by 216, but, on the other hand, an increase in the tonnage of 157,473 net reg. tons compared with 1936. When we turn to the goods turnover statistics for the three first quarters of 1937, imports and exports together, show an increase of 363,514 tons, of which 251,074 tons fall on im­ ports and 112,440 tons on exports. The total goods turnover during the three first quarters amounted to 4,936,579 tons. Among the groups of merchandise which have had an in­ creased turnover in the port during the past year may be mentioned agricultural produce, of which 1,750 tons were exported per week during 1937 compared with 1,550 tons during 1936.

13

The Port of Copenhagen

Imports of coals, cokes, petrol, petroleum and fuel oil have been normal all the year round, while imports of building materials, as timber, bricks, chalk and cement have been somewhat smaller than during the immediately preceding years on account of the diminished building activities. For the first time in latter years the increase in the goods turnover shows a larger figure than for the increase in ton­ nage, but naturally the two figures cannot be directly com­ pared ; however it may with satisfaction be noted that the larger increase in the goods turnover, both from an employment and from an economic point of view, is of greater importance than an increase in the net reg, tonnage of the vessels enter­ ing. Such an increase in tonnage may be due to a larger traffic of foreign tourist ships or perhaps a more intense run­ ning of the small vessels that sail between the Sound ports (and the coast of Northern Zealand) during the summer season. Another aspect of the utilization of the port, namely that due to vessels calling at the port for bunkers, provisions or for repairs, fortunately also shows progress. During 1937, 1,436 such ships called at the port compared with 1,175 ships during 1936. A figure, which also is of interest when one considers the city’s shipping and the port’s status, is the number of laid-up vessels, which happily has been reduced to 20 vessels aggregating 7,155 net reg. tons (Jan. 1, 1938). The laid-up vessels are mostly reserve ships or vessels employed for summer traffic in the Sound.

*

15

PRIVATBANKEN IK J 0B E N H A V N

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16

THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE PORT

~ he constitution of the Port is formed by a law of April 29th, 1913, which in its first paragraph states: “The com- | mercial Port o f Copenhagen is an autonomous institution governed by a Harbour B oa rd .“ The general authority in all matters appertaining to the Port is now the Harbour Board which has almost the same position as the parliamentary assemblies of the State and of the Municipality, and the customers of the Port — shipping, commerce and industry — elect through their organisations members of the Harbour Board. The Government, the Rigsdag and the Copenhagen Municipality have also their representatives on the Harbour Board. The number of members is 17 including the chairman. This arrangement, whereby every possible form of profes­ sional knowledge is represented, has proved to function excel­ lently and has, during the years that have passed since the introduction of the law, led to an extensive development of the natural possibilities of the Port.

*

2

17

The Port of Copenhagen

HARBOUR BOARD

Chairman: J. K. BOLOW, K.,DM., FM.,Magistrate and Municipal President. Hon. Chamberlain to H.M. The King of Denmark.

Members elected by:

Ministry of Public Works: H. WAHL, R„ DM.

Board af Trade: JOHS. DALHOFF, K., DM., FM.

Parliament: H. HENDRIKSEN, M.P.

S. MUNK, M.P. E. RAGER, M.P. J. P. STENSBALLE, M.P., K„ DM. Magistrates and City Council: A. FL0TKJA l R, M.P. PEDER HEDEBOL. R. NIELSEN. P. J. PEDERSEN.

Shipowners’ Association: JOH. HANSEN, K., DM., FM. (Vice Chairman). J. A. K0RBING, R., DM.

Merchants’ Guild: R. SCHMIDT, R. TH. ADLER SVANHOLM, R., D.M. Federation of Danish Industries: A. HOLM, K., DM. O. MUNCK, K„ DM.

Secretary: G. KRENER, R.

2 '

19

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20

The Port of Copenhagen

OFFICIALS General Manager: W. LAUB, R., DM., FM. Chief Engineer: MOGENS BLACH. Secretary: CARL W INSL0W , R. Harbour Master: H. C. HANSEN, R. Treasurer: NIELS PEDERSEN.

Head Office: HARBOUR ADMINISTRATION BUILDING, NORDRE TOLDBOD 7. TELEPHONE: CENTRAL 4340, NIGHT: CENTRAL 50.400. TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS: "K0BENHAVNS HAVNEVA l SEN."

Inquiries should be addressed to the General Manager, Havnevassenet, Nordre ToIdbod 7, Copenhagen, Denmark

Monument erected at Langelinie 1937 in honour of Greenland explorers. Sculptor: H. Wederkinclu

21

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22

The Port of Copenhagen

DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIOUS SECTIONS OF THE PORT W ithin the limits of the Port of Copenhagen are situated the Naval Base administrated by the Ad- mirality and the Commercial Harbour under the administration of the Port Authority. The Commercial Harbour consists of The Customs Port and The Free Port. The Customs Port is. further, divided into The Outer Harbour, which lies to the north of “Told- bodbommen" (N .7 ) , The Inner Harbour, between “Toldbodbommen" and the bridge “Langebro“ (1 .5 ), and The South Harbour, south of the “Langebro“ .

Toldbodbommen.

23

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24

The Port of Copenhagen

A ship entering the Port of Copenhagen from the Sound must navigate through the “Kronlob" (U . 7 ) , a fairway with a depth of 10 metres, and, having passed the entrance be­ tween the breakwaters, one sees on the left the dismantled old fortification “Trekroner1 ( S . 7 ) , which is now a favoured pleasure resort during the summer for the inhabitants of Co­ penhagen. On the right is the entrance to the Free Port ( S . T . 6 ) . The Outer Harbour Outside the Free Port lies to the north the 10-metre Basin (T. 5) and to the west of this is the “Kalkbrsenderihavn14 ( T .4 ) , with a depth of 6.3 metres, mainly utilised for the unloading of coal, sand, stone and timber, and with a sep­ arate channel, “Kalkbrsenderilob" (V . X . 4 ) , 6.3 metres deep, leading from the Sound. North of the 10-metre Basin is situated the “Skudehavn“ (U . 5 ) , 4 metres deep, used for pleasure-craft, yacht- and boat building yards, etc. To the northwest of the Skude- havn lies the old “Benzinhavn“ (V .4 ) , specially built for storage of petrol and petroleum. The following firms have storage tanks located here: Tankage capacity. Det Forenede Olie Kompagni A/'S.................... 5,700 tons, Dansk-Engelsk Benzin & Petroleums Co. A S. 7,000 „ . In the “Skudehavn“ the engineering firm of Hojgaard & Schultz some years ago erected an iron foundry and a pipe factory. The entrance to the Benzinhavn is from the channel to the Kalkbraenderihavn. The “Redmole“ ( S . 6 ) on the north side of the entrance to the Free Port is used for the storage of fuel and lubricating oils. These wharves are under the direct administration of THE CUSTOMS PORT

25

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TANK PLANT AT AVERNAKKE, NYBORG (FUNEN )

26

The Port of Copenhagen

the Port Authority, but the storage tanks are situated inside the boundary of the Free Port. Bunker oil has therefore the same facilities as other goods stored in the Free Port. The depth alongside the wharves at the “Redmole“ is 9.5 metres on the north side and 9.1 metres on the south side. The following firms have storage tanks located here: Tankage capacity. Alfred Olsen & Co., A/S....................................... 21,500 tons, Det Forenede Olie Kompagni, A/S.................... 11,600 „ , Dansk-Engelsk Benzin & Petroleums Co., A S. 9,000 „ , Det danske Petroleums A/S................................... 4,500 „ , The extreme eastern end of the Redmole is used by the Great Northern Telegraph Company as cable store and berth for the company’s cable steamer “Edouard Suenson“ . A warehouse for the storage of inflammable fluids on the end of the “Sundmole“ (T. 6) in the Free Port, is governed by the same conditions as those applying to the Redmole. Continuing southwards from the breakwaters at Kronlob through the channel of the Outer Harbour, with a depth of 8.1 metres, we reach the “Toldbodbom“ (N . 7 ) . On the east­ ern side of the channel are 9 mooring-buoys and east of the buoys is the “Revshaleo1 (O. P. 7) with the Copenhagen Bunker Coal Depot and Burmeister & Wain’s Engineering & Shipbuilding Co., Ltd., the largest shipyard in Denmark. To the west is the “Langelinie“ ( P . 6 ) , a promenade very much in favour with the inhabitants of the city and berthing place for foreign tourist ships and the “Lystbaadehavnen" (for small yachts), south of which lies the Royal Yacht Club ( 0 . 6 ) . Just north of Toldbodbommen and to the west is the quay at “Nordre Toldbod'1 ( N . 0 . 6 ) where the Administration Building of the Port Authority is located. A considerable quantity of general goods to and from Swedish and North German ports is handled at this quay and there is also brisk

27

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28

The Port of Copenhagen

passenger traffic. During the summer season pleasure steamers come here from Swedish and North German ports, principally Kiel, Ltibeck and Stettin, bringing with them a large number of passengers. The Inner Harbour Passing the Toldbodbom we have, to the east, “Holmen", the Navy Yard (L. M. N. 7 . 8 ) , which is outside the boundary of the Port Authority. In the Naval Dockyard is the old guard house (with a royal crown on the top of the tower), also the “Old Mast-Crane“ (N .7 ) from which storm-signals are given, and the saluting battery “Sixtus41 ( 0 . 7 ) . On the western side of the channel, which has a depth of 8.1 metres, there is the “Sondre Toldbod4 (N .6 ) with the large, five-winged Free Storage Building, where goods from abroad liable to payment of duty may be stored without the interference of the Customs, until one wishes to bring them within Customs territory. Not till then does the normal Customs inspection take place. The quays at Sondre Told­ bod have depths of 7.5 and 6.9 metres. Sondre Toldbod is succeeded by the quay at “Larsens Plads“ (M. 6) with the old warehouses at the rear for the storing of imported grain. In two of the warehouses, namely the so-called “Blaa Pakhus4 (blue warehouse) and the “Ny Pakhus4 (new warehouse) the owner, “Det Forenede Damp- skibsselskab44, has erected silos and on the quay outside are placed two modern grain suction plants, each with a capacity of 50 tons per hour. Depths of 8.1 and 7.5 metres. Sondre Toldbod and Larsens Plads are the centres for imports of grain from the Baltic, Black Sea and oversea countries. The quay at Larsens Plads is the berthage for the steamers of “Det Forenede Dampskibsselskab4 in the regular service to Nor­ way and the Baltic. Exports from this quay consist mainly of general cargo to West England and the Baltic.

29

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30

The Pori of Copenhagen

GOODS HANDLED AT THE PORT IN 1934— 1935— 1936 GIVING DETAILS OF THE VARIOUS COMMODITIES

Imports in tons

Exports in tons

Total

Commodity

Whole Port

Free Port

Free Port

Free Port

Whole Port

Whole Port

Year

Fodder ................... 1934 80,421 52,010 135,436 40,819 215,857 92,829 1935 107,433 58,457 163,807 57,409 271,240 115,866 1936 150,716 130,501 184,035 101,811 334,751 232,312 Fertilisers ............... 1934 2,603 0 499 0 3,102 0 1935 5,32) 120 33? 0 5,660 120 1936 6,456 0 437 60 6,893 60 Grain ..................... 1934 188,963 130,735 67,274 52,730 256,237 183,465 1935 205,845 133,603 77,016 57,665 282,861 196,268 1936 257,102 176,290 107,939 85,980 365,041 262,270 Coal & Coke ....... 1934 2,050,733 344,795 22,763 5,533 2,073,496 350.328 0 361,046 1,168 Chalk, etc........... 1935 355,645 1,286 6,818 222 362,463 1,508 1936 363,785 371 8,804 108 372,589 479 Bricks, tiles, etc. ... 1934 70,125 0 359 0 70,484 0 1935 58,661 0 1,001 0 59,662 0 1936 57,003 0 5,101 80 62,104 80 Timber .................... 1934 166,841 10,508 2,607 964 169,448 11,472 1935 149,242 12,131 3,458 1,707 152,700 13,838 1936 146,099 14,430 2,846 1,993 148,945 16,423 Other bulk goods 1934 519,265 152,104 102,272 40,155 621,537 192,259 1935 596,667 183.698 111,983 45,237 711,650 228,935 1936 717,023 190,975 112,369 41,400 829,392 232,375 General cargo ..... 1934 1,102,221 458,925 877,298 101,033 1,979,519 559,958 1935 2,151,886 356,310 16,441 1,459 2,168,327 357,769 1936 2,236,255 334,533 17,439 1,359 2,253,744 335.892 Stone, Cement, 1934 352,480 1,168 8,566

1935 1,081,597 456,140 898,872 107,835 1,980,469 563.975 1936 1,020,011 411,717 881,685 114,946 1,901,696 523,663

Living animals ...... 1934

11 1,532 0 1,207 0 3,635

8,411 8,093

11

0 0

6,879

1935 6.886

0 0

1936

0 10,225

6,590

92

The Port of Copenhagen

East of Larsens Plads, but on the western side of the chan­ nel, lies the “Kvsesthusbro“ (M .6 ), which is used by “Det Forenede Dampskibsselskab’s“ passenger and cargo ships engaged in service to most of the Danish ports. Practically all the inland, sea-borne goods traffic to and from Copen­ hagen is discharged and loaded here. Considerable improvements are about to be made to Kvsest- husbroen which will be widened and the depth of water along­ side increased. The estimated cost is 1,800,000 Kr. Having passed Kvaesthusbroen, the “Nyhavns Kanal“ (L . 6 ) leading to Kongens Nytorv ( L . 5 ) , lies on the western side and the “Kristianshavns Kanal“ (K. L .7 ) on the eastern side, both of these canals are used by fishing boats and small craft. On the east side are situated “Det Forenede Dampskibs Sel- skab“s “Islands Plads“ with berths for the company’s vessels

Kristianshavns Kanal with storage area and warehouses.

31

I) A MP S K I B S S E L S K A II E T “0RESUND's” PLEASURE CRUISES IN THE SOUND are always popular and extensively used by tourists, who regard a cruise along the Danish Riviera or across to the Swedish coast of Scandia as a memorable experience, for these trips are always under­ taken in modern and comfortable ships. And not only that, but the catering on board is cheap and good and much appreciated. THE COMPANY OPERATES THE FOLLOWING ROUTES: To MALMO. — (Scandia’s capital) with its 131.000 inhabitants, is 50 per cent, larger than the largest Provincial Town in Denmark, i. e. Aarhus. Malmd is an unusually beautiful town of great age, and as the journey from Copenhagen to Malmd by the Oresund Company’s express ships only takes an hour and a half, many Danes make this trip, especially as Malmd is well worth a visit. HELSINGBORG. — Among the towns of Scandia on the Sound, Helsingborg is perhaps that which is best known by the people of Copenhagen from former times. Helsingborg is noted for its wonder­ ful examples of half-timbered houses, and “Mariakyrkan” and “Kar- nan”, from about the year 1200, should be seen. Many trips can be taken from Helsingborg to the beautiful surrounding country. MOLLE (Kullen). — During the summer season there are sailings almost every day' to Mdlle, which, with its grand scenery and rocky coast — where bathers find their Mecca — provides a point of in­ terest that tourists treasure in their memories. KLAMPENBORG (Bellevue Strand Hotel). — From about May' 15ltl to August 31st-, the company’s specially designed up-to-date motor- ships operate a frequent daily service on the route Copenhagen — Klampcnborg. The ships, which sail every half hour on Sundays and every hour on week day's, leave Havnegade at Borsbroen. This enjoy­ able trip along the Danish Riviera is used by thousands of Copen­ hageners and tourists. PLEASURE CRUISES. — Besides the above routes, pleasure trips are made in the summer to Elsinore, the Island of Hven and evening cruises in the Sound with music on board. All visitors to Copenhagen must certainly take a trip with the “0resund’s” ships.

32

The Port of Copenhagen

to and from Iceland, the “Gronlandske Handels Plads“ ( L . 7 ) , (the wharves of the Greenland Trading Company) with the whale-oil factory founded in 1922. Farther south and to the east lies “De Forenede Handels og Oplagspladser“ (United Storage Company) (K . 6 ) , where ships to and from the Faroe Islands and Iceland have their berths. The United Storage Company have here their large warehouses, from where a considerable business is carried on. Among other warehousing concerns in the neighbour­ hood may be mentioned “Wilders Plads“ and “Hans Just’s Magasiner“ . To the west are the quays of Havnegade (K . L . 6 ) , where passenger ships in great numbers berth; thus the vessels of the steamship company “0resund“ which operates an extensive passenger service between the various ports of the Sound. Furthermore, this is the berthage for two other steamship companies having a regular service to the island of Bornholm and for the boats of several minor com-

“0resund“ ships.

33

3

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34

The Port of Copenhagen

panies with passenger and goods traffic to ports in the Sound and to Danish provincial ports. “Knippelsbro“ (K . 6 ) , a bridge that connects the islands of Amager and Zealand, is now right ahead in the 7.5 metre channel. Before passing the Knippelsbro one sees to the west the “Borskanal*1 (K. 5.6), along the front of which is the 300- year old “Borsen*1 (Stock Exchange), leading to Gl. Strand with the old Fish market. Across the Borskanal is a fixed bridge. In this vicinity, on the island “Slotsholmen“ (K .5 ) , is also situated the castle of “Christiansborg", where the Danish Parliament sits, and which houses the King’s Official Reception Rooms and the Supreme Court. The world-famous Thorvaldsen’s Museum is also situated near here. Having passed Knippelsbro to the west of the channel, which has a depth of 7.5 metres, is, first, the storehouse of

(N o rd isk Luft Foio.)

Burmeister & Wain’s machine shops, Strandgade.

35

3 *

I

PRODUCTION AND TREATMENT OF SAND and GRAVEL by patented method, making them especially suited for reinforced-concrete work. Seven Sand-dredgers suitable for any work in deepening or filling up in Danish waters. Sand ballast is delivered anywhere in the Port of Copenhagen, Stores at Islands Brygge and in Nordhavnen.

I CARL NIELSEN 4 , I S L A N D S B R Y G G E • C O P E N H A G E N

36

The Port of Copenhagen

“De Danske Sukkerfabrikker“ (K. 6) (The Danish Sugar Factories) and, next, the quays of “Kristiansgade“ ( I . K. 5 ) , used by the vessels carrying agricultural produce to England. Behind Kristiansgade we see the ancient “Bryghus“ (old brewery) and Tojhuset (arsenal) from the time of Christian IV (17th century). At this picturesque spot the Frederiks- holms Kanal flows into the channel. An electrically manipul­ ated flap bridge over this channel was opened to traffic in the summer of 1936. To the east of the channel are the Bur- meister & Wain factory and machine shops ( I . K. 6 ) , and, next, the refinery of the Danish Sugar Factories (1 .5 ). At the southern end of Kristiansgade is the second of the main bridges, viz. “Langebro“ connecting Amager and Zea­ land. Passing through Langebro, we enter the South Harbour. The South Harbour To the west is a row of coaling berths and depots called “Kalvebod Brygge“ (G .H . 4 ) with a depth of 6.9 metres,

Kristiansgade.

(jo n a is Co.)

37

L.C.GLAD &Co .A/s ESTABLISHED 1880 COPENHAGEN D E N M A R K O I L - R E F I NER S AND DISTILLERS, WORKS FOR LUBRICATING OILS, LUBRICANTS AND AXLE -GREASE Man u f a c t u r e r s o f Cheese Rennet, Rennet Powder, Rennet Tablets, Junket Tablets, Junket Powder. Annatto Butter- & Cheese Colour. E x p o r t e r s o f Finest Danish Hams, Danish Bacon and Danish Cheese. “ L ION ” PACK INGS J a m e s W a l k e r & Co., L t d . Specialiolo in the Design and JUanuJacture of Packingd and Join lingo for all Temperatureo and Preooureo. HEAD OFFICE AND WORKS: “LION” WORKS, WORKING SURREY, ENGLAND Depots and Stockholders in all parts of the world. DEPOT FOR DENMARK: Rodkjaer & Tvede. 5, Toldbodvej, Copenhagen.

38

The Port of Copenhagen

followed by the “Gasvaerkshavn“ (G . 4 ) with 6.2 metres. To the east are the extensive quays of “Islands Brygge“ (G. H .5 ) used for a variety of purposes: unloading of sand, stone, timber and coal. Here is a depth of 6.2 metres (7.5 metres in the channel), and farther to the south, with a depth of 7.5 metres, stands “Soyakagefabrikken“ (G .5 ) (The Dan­ ish Soya Cake Factory) to which the motorships of the East Asiatic Company, Ltd., bring from the Far East large quantities of soya beans and ground-nuts. After treatment this fodder is distributed to the provincial harbours by small motor sailing vessels. Beyond the south end of Islands Brygge, there are, to the west, first the entrance to the “Fiskerihavn“ (Fishery Har­ bour) ( F . 3 . 4 ) with 5 metres depth, used for laying up of small fishing boats, also a timber yard, and Petersen & Al-

Factories at Islands Brygge.

39

Ships’ Paint for Internal and External Use International Farvefabrik (Hoizaptei) A/S flresundsvej 141 . Copenhagen S Telephone: Central 5601 & flmager 1483. Telegrams: “ Holzandia” Associated with The International Paint &Compositions Co., Ltd. London and with its Branches and Agencies throughout the World.

TRADE

M A R K S

“JtOLZAPFEL

M.J.GRBNBECH&S0NNER

AMALIE6ADE 9 . K0BENHAVN K. T e le fo n : C. 342, S tats 82 . T e le g r.-A d r.: ..G ronbechs*'

Repraesentant fo r:

HOESCH-KOLN NEUESSEN A/G Spunsvaegsjern System ,,HOESCH“ det mest effekt/ve Spunsvaegsjern. STAHLWERK AUGUSTFEHN A\G Spande-Skaer, BoHe og Bosninger tit Mudder- maskiner. Kaeder, Staa/wire, Ankre, Staatstobegods, Smedegods, P/ader og maskinsmedede Som ti/ Bo/vaerksarbejder. • Monierjern.

40

The Port of Copenhagen

beck’s ship-breaking yard. Farther south “Enghave Brygge“ ( E . 4 ) , a quay with 6.3 metres depth, mainly used for discharging coal, for instance for supplying the City’s power- station “H. C. 0rstedv9erket“ ( E . 3 ) , which is situated near the quay. South of the power-station a channel with a depth of 4 metres leads to the “Frederiksholms Havn“ (D .2 ) , also with 4 metres; here are located Otto Monsteds Margarine- fabrik and Lemvigh-Muller & Munck’s wharves. Proceeding past Islands Brygge, one passes southwards through a channel with a depth of 7 metres, into the “Tegl- vserkshavn“ (C .2 ) , where there are coal discharging quays and sites available for ship-building plants and factories; the Ford Motor Company having established their assembling plant here. This concern is the largest assembling plant for

(N ow ico.) Burmeister & Wain’s steel and cast iron foundry, Teglholmen.

41

Kebenhavns Stevedore Co. * K0BENHAVNS L/EGTER-INTER ESSENTSELSKAB * N I E L S J U E L S G A D E 8 COPENHAGEN, K. T e le p h .: C entral 3491, H elrup 539 y T e le g r.-A d d re ss: Klis Stevedoring WAREHOUSES AND CRANES, ENGHAVE BRYGGE T e le p h : C entral 11.491

Chartering * Owners * Lighterage

A'siEU e «, et ’’ANH0L1 H A VN E G A D E 37 A • T E L E P H O N E : 10920, 15920

S lotholm sgade 9-11 from m edio 1938 R e g u la r S a ilin g s to

Aalborg Anholt . Grenaa Ebeltoft

Monday

(jCoods rece ived e v e r y d a y .

Monday Wednesday Thursday Saturday

Aarhus.

42

The Port of Copenhagen

motor-cars in Scandinavia. At the east side of this harbour, on an artificial island composed of “fill1 and called the “Tegl- holm“ (C .D . 3 ) , Burmeister & Wain, Ltd., have erected a steel and cast iron foundry, and at the southern end there are coal depots with discharging plants. On the Teglholm work of reclamation is still going on according to plan until it has reached an area of 18.4 ha, which then will be at the disposal of future coal depots and industrial undertakings. On the southern and eastern side of this island there are quays with a depth of 7 metres. To the south of Islands Brygge and the Teglvaerkshavn the water area of the Port is dammed by a 2,230-metre em­ bankment with a lock “Slusen“ (B . 4) with a depth of 3.7 metres, a length of 53.3 metres and a width of 11.3 metres. In addition, the embankment has 28 sluices ( B . 3 ) by means of which the flow through the Port may be regulated. South of the lock, a channel of 3.1 metres depth, called the “Sorte Rende“ (A. 3 ), for the use of small craft, leads through “Kalveboderne“ to Koge Bay in the southern part of the Sound. The South Harbour in general may be characterized as a coal harbour and an industrial harbour. In the course of a relatively short space of time considerable industrial activity has taken place here with easy facilities for obtaining raw materials by sea, and being near the centre of the City.

The Port of Copenhagen

THE FREE PORT The entire Free Port territory (more than 200 acres) is surrounded by a barrier, only allowing communication by water and through a number of gates guarded by Customs officials. All foreign goods are exempted from payment of Customs dues as long as they remain within the confines of the Free Port. All imports which are prevented from entering private warehouses in Denmark on account of existing currency (Valuta) restrictions can be stored without any formalities by the Free Port Company. There is a minimum of official interference on account of the absence of Customs dues in the Free Port and conse­ quently loading, discharging, repacking and transhipment are rendered cheap and easy. Thanks to the ideal construction and location of the warehouses, and the extensive use of the most up-to-date machinery and mechanical devices, unloading and tranship­ ment of cargoes are accomplished in a minimum space of time, thus making the Copenhagen Free Port not only the cheapest but also the quickest port of call in the North of Europe. The Free Port and its later extensions were built by the Port of Copenhagen Authority, which now holds an interest of 21.5 Million Kroner in the undertaking. “Kobenhavns Fri- havns-Aktieselskab“ (The Copenhagen Free Port Company, Ltd.) which operates the Free Port on a concession, has itself defrayed the cost of building the warehouses, cranes, rail­ way-tracks and other equipment. The total capital invested in the Free Port approximates 40 Million Kroner. The profits of the company are shared with the Port Authority according to certain specified rules, and the Port Authority exercises a controlling influence on the policy of the company.

45

The Port of Copenhagen

The Copenhagen Free Port Company, Ltd., was founded on July 7th, 1894, for the purpose of carrying on the business of a Free Port in accordance with the rules and regulations embodied in the Concession granted to the company on April 27th, 1892. On November 9th, 1894, the Free Port was opened for traffic. The Board of Directors consists of eight members, two of whom are appointed by the Government, two by the Copen­ hagen Port Authority chosen from the Authority’s members, the remaining four being elected by the shareholders.

Administration of the Free Port

O. Thielsen, General Manager. H. Fugl-Meyer, Manager.

The Free Port added essentially to the advantages of the old harbour. It provided easier navigation conditions, abundant depth, large and modern warehouses, mechanical devices and greatly improved possibilities for transit trade by eliminating Customs dues.

Free Port, grain silo on the centre quay.

47

The Port of Copenhagen

The Free Port was constructed on the comparatively shal­ low waters north of Copenhagen and its old fortifications. Ideally situated, with direct and easy access from the Sound, the port is, thanks to the total absence of tide, navigable at any hour of the day. The more important basins of the Free Port are the “Kron- lobs Basin“ ( T .5 ) with 9.5 metres depth, the “North Basin1 (S .5 ) with 7.5 metres, the “Middle Basin'* (R .5 ) with 7.5 metres, the “West Basin" ( P . 6 ) with 8.1 metres and the “East Basin" ( P . 6 ) with 9.1 metres. At the corner between the West Basin and the Middle Basin the Danish State Railways have two ferry-docks (R .5 ) for the Danish and Swedish ferry boats connecting Copen­ hagen with Malmo in Sweden.

(Jonals Co.) One of the East Asiatic Company’s Motorships at the grain suction plant in the Free Port.

49

4

The Port of Copenhagen

At the northern end of the quay between the East and West Basin ( P . 6 ) is a granary (capacity 11.000 tons) and at the West Basin another granary, also of 11.000 tons capa­ city. In the Kronlobs Basin is also a granary, owned by “0ernes Andelsselskab for Indkob af Foderstoffer11, with a capacity of 3000 tons. On the north side of the Middle Basin is situated “Det Danske Kulkompagni’s“ (R .5 ) plant for the discharging and storage of coal and coke. Det Danske Petroleums A/S. have storage tanks for fuel oil (capacity 16.000 tons) at the extreme end of the east quay ( R . S . 6 ) . The Free Port is provided with an extensive railway system linking up all quays and warehouses and other places for the storing of goods. The second largest railway station of Copenhagen, “0ster- port Station'1 (Eastern Railway Station), ( 0 . 5 ) , is close to the Free Port. The administration building of the company ( P . 6 ) is located near the South-Western road entrance, and in close proximity to this there is a Customs house, a branch of one of the leading Danish banks, a post and telegraph office, offices of various steamship companies, forwarding agencies, provision dealers, restaurants, etc. The area of the company’s own warehouses exceeds 2 million square ft., and includes cold storages, heated ware­ houses, special sheds for the fruit trade and silo granaries. The company undertakes loading, discharging and storing of goods and issues warrants. General cargo and goods in transit are stored for one month free of charge in the com­ pany’s warehouses. Apart from its unique geographical position, the Free Port presents a great many advantages to those who make use of it. The port is, for all ^practical purposes, an international domain within the state of Denmark, and only harbour

51

4 *

The Port of Copenhagen

dues, which are the same as in the Customs Harbour, and storage and labour charges, are fixed by the Department of Public Works. The chief advantage of the Copenhagen Free Port is its freedom from any Customs duties. Merchandise of every kind is landed, stored, manufactured and transhipped to other parts of the world without a single penny being paid in Customs or other dues to the Danish Exchequer. Only goods entering Denmark proper have to pass the Customs barrier. The harbour dues on imports to Denmark are not payable before removal from the Free Port into Customs territory. More than two hundred and fifty different commercial and industrial undertakings have offices and warehouse space in the buildings of the Free Port Company or have rented sites on the Company’s territory and built warehouses and fac­ tories to make use of the excellent opportunities offered them of storing, manufacturing and exporting goods without having their activities hampered by any Customs regulations. The Copenhagen Free Port is the terminus or port of call for a very large number of the big oversea steamship lines, and the number of lines making use of the harbour is rapidly growing. Copenhagen is thus in regular and direct connection with all continents, and practically in daily intercourse with all countries bordering on the Baltic. The great advantage connected with the Free Port Com­ pany is that the handling of goods, whether on board, on wharf, in shed or warehouse, is concentrated in one body, and, as a private company, its relations to labourers, shippers and merchants alike are of the best. On the other hand, through an effective Government control, the company offers the same security as an official institution.

*

53

The Port of Copenhagen

PORT EXTENSIONS DURING 1936 AND 1937 The New Oil Harbour, “ Pr 0 vestenshavnen“ Since the issue of the Port of Copenhagen Year Book for 1936 the work of constructing a large oil harbour for hand­ ling the entire Port’s turnover of inflammable fluids has made good headway (see plan page 56). The preliminary project of providing for a 46,000 square metre area (Pier 1) in con­ nection with the demolished fortress “Provestenen1 was real­ ized during 1936. The following firms have so far erected tanks on Pier I : Tankage capacity The harbour was opened to navigation during the summer of 1936 and has since then been visited by large tankers and vessels engaged in the Baltic and coastwise traffic. “Prove- stenshavnen'1 has become a centre for regular distribution, as a considerable quantity of the oil imported to the port is re-exported by sea, partly from the tanks, partly direct from the large tankers to smaller vessels, which thereafter furnish the needs of Swedish, Finnish and Danish provincial ports. In the middle of the year 1937 a further extension of “Provestenshavnen1* was decided upon by the Port Authority, viz. the construction of a Pier II with an area of about 87,000 square metres. The second stage of the work of construction formed the beginning to the already mentioned concentration of the entire turnover of inflammable fluids to this section of the Port, as it is intended that the present storage facilities in the northern section of the Port near “Skudehavnen1 gradu­ ally are to be removed to the “Provestenshavn1 with its very satisfactory navigation and storage conditions. Alfred Olsen & Co. A S ......... ........... 20,000 m:i The Texas Co. A/S.............................. 2,180 m3 Maxzoni Benzin Co. A/S.................... 1,700 m:i Dansk Tank-Import A/S..................... 3,000 m3 B. Ringsted & Co .................................. 1,210 m3

55

The Port of Copenhagen

In spite of the fact that the new “Provestenshavn" is separ­ ated from the Port proper, it is in easy communication with the latter and with the city via the Island of Amager, to which leads a 700 metre iron concrete bridge and dam, on which a road has been built and railway tracks laid in connection with the railway lines of the Danish State Railways. The bulwarks proper as well as the quay walls encircling the filled-up area are of iron piling and the land-areas have been filled up by means of sand. The breakwaters have been built of rocks and the pier-heads of reinforced concrete cais­ sons. The whole plant is estimated to cost 6.9 million kroner. The New “ KnippeIsbro“ On December 17th, 1937, the new “Knippelsbro“ was opened to traffic. The work in connection with this large bridge, which has been built jointly by the Copenhagen Muni­ cipality and the Copenhagen Port Authority, has been in pro­ gress since 1935. This new bridge, which substitutes that built in 1908, is one of the two bridges connecting the City districts on Zealand with those on the Island of Amager. Across “Knippelsbro1 there is a daily traffic between 6 a.m. and 6 p. m. of about 9,600 vehicles, 46,000 cyclists and 12,000 pedestrians, and in the same time the bridge has to be opened about 50 times on an average for the passage of 75 ships. As the new bridge had to be built on the same site as the old one — and was connected with an extended main thorough­ fare, direction East-West, through the entire inner portion of the city — it was necessary during the period of construction to direct the traffic over a temporary bridge, which has been in use since 1934. The navigation passage through the new bridge has been increased from 23 metres to 35 metres. Traffic conditions have been greatly improved, as the bridge has a

57

The Port of Copenhagen

breadth of 27 metres with 8 roadways (4 in either direction), compared previously with 2 roadways, besides the pavements. The whole work in connection with the construction of the bridge has cost about 5.1 million kroner, which expenditure has been distributed between the Municipality and the Port in the ratio 2 : 1 . Reconstruction of Havnegade’s Quays As mentioned elsewhere the regular shipping traffic to Malmo, Landskrona and the Island of Bornholm and the steamship company “0resund’s“ summer traffic in the Sound with small pleasure vessels takes place from Havnegade. The quays here had not been renewed since the close of the last century, and as, in the course of time, they had come to suffer from various defects, the Port Authority decided at their meeting on October 18th, 1935, to grant a sum of 840,000 kroner for reconstruction of these quays, which cover a total length of 550 metres. The new quay consists of a basic construction of iron piling (Belval) with a super-construction of granite. The quay walls have been placed at the present water-depth of about 6.9 metres, but have been sunk so deep that the water-depth may be increased to 8.1 metres. The work was commenced during the autumn of 1935 and completed during the spring of 1937 with a pause during the summer months of 1936 for the sake of the considerable summer traffic. The New Yacht Harbour In order to meet the demands made of late years by owners of yachts for better conditions the Port Authority in the spring of 1937 began the construction of a new Yacht Harbour in Svanemollebugten situated north of Kalkbraenderihavn (U. V . 3, 4 ).

59

The Port of Copenhagen

As shown on the plan (see page 60), this harbour consists of two moles which will serve as berthage for the pleasure craft. A light pier will also be constructed between the two moles for berthing craft. An area of about 10.000 sq. metres has been reclaimed in the southern part of the Yacht Harbour for Copenhagen row­ ing clubs where they can have their boat- and club houses. Accommodation will be provided in the harbour for about 340 sailing and motor boats. The harbour will probably be opened this spring. Tourist Traffic During the summer of 1937 the Port was visited by 55 large tourists ships with an aggregate tonnage of 418,936 net reg. tons. Of these vessels 50 were berthed at the Langelinie Quay. On board these ships 27,000 foreigners visited the city. At Nordre Toldbod principally ships from the North-Ger­ man ports of Stettin, Liibeck and Kolberg were berthed, car­ rying passengers mostly of German nationality. The Swedish American Line during 1937 opened a branch office in Copenhagen. From the beginning of 1938 it is their intention to let the company’s vessels call at the Port both on their eastward and on their westward-bound journeys. MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION

61

The Port of Copenhagen

Danish Merchant Fleet The size of the Danish Merchant fleet during 1937 has been subject to the following changes:

Increase or Decrease gr. reg. ts. - 29,639 + 30,214 - 914

Jan. 1, 1937

Dec. 31,1937

gr. reg. ts. 574,114 567,365 2,220

gr. reg. ts. 544,475 597,579 1,306

Steamers........................... Motorships......................... Sailing-vessels.................

Total.. .

1,143,699 -

339 1,143,360

On the whole, the Danish Merchant fleet consists of relatively up-to-date vessels, as about one-third of the fleet are less than 10 years old.

63

The Port of Copenhagen

New Lighthouse in the Sound In the middle of the year 1937 a new lighthouse was taken into use in aid of the navigation through the dredged channel in the waterway Drogden, for vessels approaching the Port of Copenhagen from the South. The lighthouse, which has been erected on a concrete caisson, has substituted the former light- vessel. The light house has been built by the Danish Government.

*

New Lighthouse at Drogden.

65

5

The Port of Copenhagen

NAVIGATION

Tide The fluctuation of the water level is comparatively un­ important, owing to the total absence of tide. In rough weather the water rises when the wind is in the west and falls when it is in the east, depending upon the water level in the North Sea, but the difference between High and Low Water is seldom more than 0.8 metres. All depths o f water refer to the mean water level. Anchorage In the Sound just outside the harbour there is good an­ chorage up to 11.9 metres for ships of large draught, also for sailing ships awaiting fair wind. Pilotage Pilotage is not compulsory, but for vessels over 800 gr. reg. tons passing through the bridges Knippelsbro and Langebro, pilotage is compulsory, with the exception of vessels in regular traffic which pass through these bridges at least once a fort­ night. Vessels not propelled by mechanical power and all vessels of more than 1500 gr. reg. tons may only pass through the above mentioned bridges with sufficiently powerful tugboat assistance. Copenhagen pilots serve vessels in the harbour and in the Sound as far as Danish and Swedish outer-harbours. A pilot steamer, “Lodsen,“ is located in the roads outside the breakwaters. The Central Pilotage Station is in the building of the Port Authority (N . 6 ) . Telephone: Central 3700. A pilot is stationed at Strandegaard, south of the Port, and can be called to pilot a vessel through Kalveboderne. Tele­ phone : Hvidovre 66. For dues see page 93.

67

5*

A K T I E S E L S K A B E T

Ove (juugsted D A N I S H S H I P P I N G & W A R E H O U S I N G C O M P A N Y A S SKT. ANN/E PLADS 26 . K0BENHAVN, K. (COPENHAGEN, K. DENMARK)

INTERNATIONAL GROUPAGE SERVICES SHIPS- & CUSTOMS CLEARANCE D I S T R I B U T I O N S TORAGE AGENTS

T E L E G R A M S : O V E H A U G S T E D

T E L E P H O N E S : C E N T R A L 402

sf E.A.BENDIX&Co.

Establ 1902 Cable-Address “Traffic"

(P ro p rie to r: Erik A. Bendix) 28 Amaliegade Copenhagen

S T E A M S H I P - & F O R W A R D I N G - A G E N T S C H AR TER ING • C LEAR ANCE • CUSTOMS & IN SURANC E BROKERS General Freight Agents fo r: Royal Mail Lines Ltd., Pacific Steam N avigation C om pany, United States Lines, Baltim ore Mail Line, Am erican M e rcha n t Lines. Freight Agents fo r: Furness, Withy & Co., Ltd (Canada & Berm uda Westindies Lines). B ro ckle b an ks' Well Line. Grace Line. Southern States Lines. Yankee Line. Mobile Oceanic Line. N-Y & Cuba Mail Line. N-Y & Porto-Rico Line and other Am e rica n and British Lines. A gents for Canadian National R ailw ays & Baltim ore & Ohio Rail Road.

Distribution of Cargo and T ransshipm ent “ In B ond” to all Scandinavian & Baltic points

68