A Nationalist Amnesia

Concepts like structural, symbolic, and cultural violence are few expressions of this new conception of positive definition of peace. It is interesting to note, however, that it was ‘Abdu’l-Baha who systematically and in many of his lectures and writings advocated a unique positive definition of peace. In order to better understand this point we can examine the ironic beginning of his letter to the Central Organization for Durable Peace, Hague. In this letter that is written in 1919, after the end of the World War I, ‘Abdu’l-Baha mentions an apparently contradictory point: This recent war has proved to the world and the people that war is destruction while universal peace is construction; war is death while peace is life;… war is the struggle for existence while peace is mutual aid and co-operation among the peoples of the world and the cause of the good pleasure of the True One in the heavenly realm. There is not one soul whose conscience does not testify that in this day there is no more important matter in the world than that of universal peace. .. But the wise souls who are aware of the essential relationships emanating from the realities of things consider that one single matter cannot, by itself, influence the human reality as it ought and should, for until the minds of men become united, no important matter can be accomplished. At present universal peace is a matter of great importance, but unity of conscience is essential, so that the foundation of this matter may become secure, its establishment firm and its edifice strong. 32 In the above passage ‘Abdu’l-Baha first testifies that all human beings have come to the conclusion that war is evil and peace is good. But then he says that this is not sufficient since realization of peace requires the attainment of unity of conscience about peace. The key for understanding this apparent contradiction is his reference to the fact that “one single matter cannot, by itself, influence the human reality as it ought and should”. In other words, what ‘Abdu’l-Baha is saying is that although humanity at the end of the World War I has reached consensus on the utility of peace, it has not yet reached consensus on the truth of peace. For peace to happen it is not simply enough that people would say war is bad, instead they should become united in understanding of the idea of peace. That idea, however, is not a uni- dimensional concept, rather it is a multidimensional notion. The rest of ‘Abdu’l-Baha’s letter is a discussion of the actual content of the complex idea of peace. When humanity reaches agreement and unity of conscience with regard to those issues, it has reached real consensus on the necessity of peace. In other words, ‘Abdu’l-Baha is stating that humanity at this time has come to a consensus in believing in the utility of negative peace. However, this is not effective because what is needed is realization of agreement on positive peace. In the rest of his letter, ‘Abdu’l-

32 ‘Abdu’l-Baha, 1978, Selections, p.

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