AOAC SPADA February 2015 Meeting Book

VEEV History (continued)

• 1943‐1963 – VEE isolated from locations in South  America, Central America, Caribbean • First reported human VEEV infections were in laboratory  workers • Mild human infections during 1944 Trinidad outbreak • Severe human infections during subsequent outbreaks • Outbreak from 1969 to 1972 eventually reached the 

USA (Texas) and was stamped out by  vaccination and movement control  of horses • May have originated from incomplete  formalin inactivation of vaccine strains

VEEV History (continued)

• 1995 –outbreak in Venezuela and Colombia  • 75,000‐100,000 people affected • Little epizootic VEE activity in nature in recent  years • Locations of activity not well reported • Locations of activity may not be safe for  investigators • Inter‐epizootic maintenance of VEEV not well  understood