New-Tech Europe Magazine | January 2019

January 2019

16 CES 2019 Proves AI and 5G Will Transform the Future 18 Man and machine collaborating on the factory floor: a nightmare or a match made in heaven? 22 Interview: Stefan Juraschek, Vice President Development Electric- Powertrain 26 Solid State Switching for Next Generation

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January 2019

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Contents

14 LATEST NEWS 16 CES 2019 Proves AI and 5G Will Transform the Future 18 Man and machine collaborating on the factory floor: a nightmare or a match made in heaven? 22 Interview: Stefan Juraschek, Vice President Development Electric-Powertrain 26 Solid State Switching for Next Generation Wireless Test Applications 30 How Real-Time Control, Safety, and Security Are Driving Technological Innovation in the Factory of Tomorrow 34 Automotive EEPROMs Enabling Next Generation Features

16

18

36 OUT OF THE BOX 38 NEW PRODUCTS 46 INDEX

22

26

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New-Tech Magazine Europe l 9

Latest News

T-Mobile, Ericsson and Intel successfully complete first 5G call on 600 MHz

The first 5G data video call over 600 MHz included successful uplink and downlink communication and was carried out on a live commercial network. During the tests, Ericsson, Intel and T-Mobile generated a 5G signal capable of covering more than a thousand square miles from a single tower. The tests also included a successful tri-band 5G video call with three users on different spectrum bands – 600 MHz, 28 GHz and 39 GHz. Fredrik Jejdling, Executive Vice President and Head of Business Area Networks, Ericsson, says: “We share the vision Hyundai Motor Group, in collaboration with Swiss deep-tech startup company WayRay AG, has unveiled the world’s first Holographic Augmented Reality (AR) Navigation System equipped in the Genesis G80 at CES 2019. The technology will be on display at the WayRay booth 3110, Las Vegas Convention Center’s North Hall, throughout CES 2019. Hyundai CRADLE, the hub for Hyundai’s open innovation business, decided to strategically invest in WayRay last September in recognition of its leadership in holographic AR technology and its future growth potential. Prior to this initial investment, Hyundai Motor Group had been conducting its own preliminary research on applying holographic technology to vehicles in early 2017 and later expanded its commitment to producing quality parts with WayRay. The two parties have continued to develop holographic AR navigation technology in mass-produced vehicles, with long- term road tests in South Korea to minimize system errors. “This demo car is the first step of the proof of concent (PoC), but is an important step towards technology driven innovation,” said Yunseong Hwang, Director of Open Innovation Business

of T-Mobile to make 5G services available to everyone across the United States. “We will continue to work closely together as 5G partners, testing possibilities and reaching new milestones.” Read the full announcement at the T-Mobile newsroom. At the 2019 Consumer Electronics Show (CES), visitors to the T-Mobile booth (Westgate

– 1013) can see a live 5G demostration including how low- band spectrum is able to penetrate physical barriers like windows and doors.

Hyundai Motor Group andWayRay Unveil Next- generation Visual Technology at CES 2019 Group from Hyundai Motor Group.

“Future mobility windshields will be more than just a piece of glass. AR holographic powered glass will serve as a platform to provide new services and open up new in-vehicle experiences.” The biggest advantage of a holographic AR navigation system built into the vehicle is that the stereoscopic image is displayed on the actual road and appropriately adjusted in accordance with the specific viewing angle of the driver, thereby delivering accurate driving guidance. The driver can enjoy vivid and precise holographic images without wearing a headset. The direction of movement is kept precise through the vehicle speed in real-time, and projecting navigational alerts through the windshield onto the road allows drivers to navigate safely while looking ahead undistracted. Additionally, while conventional head-up display (HUD) units project a reflected image indirectly through an LCD screen mounted on the dashboard, the holographic AR display projects an image through the windshield. WayRay’s display shows not only navigational features — such as lane guidance, destination points, and current speed — in augmented reality, but also incorporates ADAS features like lane departure warnings and forward collision warnings.

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Latest News

The virtual image of 1,310mm x 3,152mm is projected at a distance of 15m from the driver’s eyes; Hyundai Motor Group has refurbished its HUD to fit WayRay’s system and offer the optimized solution to drivers. The two parties will continue to work closely together to expand holographic AR technology to

up our deep-tech innovation to build customer-centric solutions at a meaningful scale and make driving more comfortable and safe for everyone.” Hyundai Motor and Kia Motors are concentrating their research and development resources on acquiring AR navigation and other related technologies to improve upon and accelerate

The two-year Models for the Manufacturing of Particulate Process (Models MPP) project focused on establishing a generic framework and core capability to improve industrial productivity. As part of the drive to provide more leverage and integration of the wealth of formulations expertise in the UK, the £700,000 project, funded by Innovate UK as part of CPI’s National Formulation Centre Strategic Projects Programme, has facilitated the translation of the UK’s world-leading expertise in computational modelling and simulation for the manufacturing of particulate processes. Connecting industry and university research groups with state-of-the-art technology has resulted in the development of a generic framework for translating particle models of industrial relevance into industrial practice. The developed framework incorporates a decision support methodology/ tool for models development that will allow easier access and adoption by leading UK-based industrial organisations. These models are expected to be deployed within industry In addition, they expect the incorporation of V2X (Vehicle to Everything) technology and connectivity features will allow data such as traffic signals, surrounding vehicle information, as well as road or weather conditions, to be provided in real time. “As the automotive market is undergoing a profound AR technology-driven transformation, major automakers are quickly adopting AR solutions to find another competitive edge,” said Vitaly Ponomarev, CEO of WayRay. “I believe the strong partnership with Hyundai will help us scale display people, objects, buses, bicycle lanes, and crosswalks, and additionally, further develop advanced ADAS functions such as a rear side warning system and the Highway Driving Assist (HDA) system.

to accelerate the development of innovative products and improve productivity and cost-effectiveness of product manufacturing processes. This framework will provide guidance for the coupling of well-established computer modelling techniques at different size scales, to enable development scientists and engineers to develop models that simulate different parts of manufacturing processes from the dispensing of input materials through mixing, agglomeration and other subsequent processing steps. Twin-screw wet granulation, a method used in a number of industry sectors, was used as an exemplar. Wet granulation is a process in which small primary particles are joined together using agitation and a liquid binder. The purpose is to improve the properties of very fine cohesive powders used in formulated products such as pharmaceuticals, ceramics, detergents and fertilizers. Granulation is commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry during tablet manufacturing. Fine powders the next generation of displays and connected vehicles. Not only will this disruptive technology help Hyundai Motor Group achieve its vision of a more integrated and seamless blending of automotive technologies, but also assist in developing other closely related areas of interest such as wearable robots, smart-buildings, smart-cities and a plethora of other exciting possibilities. Besides this holographic AR navigation demonstrated at CES 2019, Hyundai Motor will exhibit a cocoon-shaped cockpit which allows visitors at CES 2019 to get a taste for freedom in mobility, while Kia Motors will showcase innovations that allow visitors to experience such technologies as the new Real-time Emotion Adaptive Driving (R.E.A.D.) System.

CPI Supports Project to Improve Industrial Productivity

New-Tech Magazine Europe l 11

Latest News are granulated to improve flow prior to

“It is also exciting to see the potential opportunities for how this new capability will be deployed, particularly in the new granulation capability recently established within our formulation facility.

tableting and reduce the potential for dusting and other production issues. The formation of granules also helps to reduce segregation and improve the content uniformity of the final product which is critical for consistent product performance.

“This modelling project is the first in a series of five capability-build projects to complete and we look forward to similar success stories over the next 18 months.” An EDEM Simulations’ representative said: “This innovative project demonstrates the benefits of industry and academic organisations working together to share knowledge and advance technology developments. “Coupling two different methodologies, Discrete Element Modelling at the particle scale and Population Balance Modelling at the meso-scale, will enable scientists to predict and improve the continuous manufacturing process, which in turn will lead to increased process efficiency and significant cost savings. “It is the first time that market-leading commercial software are linking their modelling techniques to offer such an approach and we are pleased to have been key contributors to make this possible.” Dr Sean Bermingham, Head of Formulated Products at PSE, said: “This CPI co-ordinated project has been an excellent demonstration of how the gPROMS Formulated Products Population Balance Modelling (PBM) environment developed through the ADDoPT pharmaceutical digital design project can be readily applied to other formulated products industries, including fast moving consumer goods and specialty chemicals. “Additionally, the project provided a unique opportunity to move DEM-PBM coupling from the academic research stage to an industrially applied and commercially supported capability. “The extensive progress made in the last two years has demonstrated the strength of this well-balanced consortium involving leading academics, early industry adopters, and technology providers.”

The academic partners at the Universities of Edinburgh and Sheffield conducted a review of the current state of the art and used this insight to develop coupled models using EDEM and PSE software platforms and the technology vendor’s expertise in developing industrially robust models. These models were validated using real life trials at the industrial partner’s production facilities. While granulation is an important process inmany industries, including pharmaceuticals, foods and agrochemicals, the framework provided by Models MPP means it can be broadly re-applied to other manufacturing operations and industries. The legacy capability established from this project will be applied to other CPI strategic projects, e.g. in the development of a digital twin with a sister National Formulation Centre strategic project focused on a fully PAT enabled twin screw extruder (‘PROSPECT CP’). The project has been funded by Innovate UK as part of CPI’s National Formulation Centre Strategic Projects Programme. The centre is pictured above The project has been funded by Innovate UK as part of CPI’s National Formulation Centre Strategic Projects Programme. The centre is pictured above CPI was part of a highly-effective consortium that worked on the project, with key industrial contributions from Astra Zeneca, Pfizer, Procter & Gamble and Johnson Matthey, and SMEs including EDEM Simulations and Process Systems Enterprise (PSE). High-profile academics from the Universities of Sheffield and Edinburgh also provided world-leading modelling expertise. Dr Caroline Kelly, CPI Technology and Innovation Officer and manager of the Models MPP project, said: “It has been a privilege to work with the world-leading partners to deliver a step-change in how particle modelling can be translated from academia into real industrial formulations.

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Latest News

Imec and TNO launch comfortable, disposable health patch with long battery life to measure vital signs

At the Consumer Electronics Show (CES 2019), taking place in Las Vegas, imec and TNO are presenting the latest version of their health patch. Developed in the framework of the Holst Centre in Eindhoven, the new health patch offers unprecedented comfort and a long battery life, previously unseen in this type of device.

solution has a battery life of over 7 days, in many cases even longer, depending on the specific configurations For patients, a single, disposable patch that can be worn for several days is more convenient and can reduce hospital visits as it no longer needs to be returned after

It can also be manufactured at a fraction of the cost of previous generations, making it a user-friendly, disposable solution for ambulant patient monitoring. “A crucial technology improvement in this new generation health patch is the integration of a wide range of sensing capabilities into imec’s MUSEIC V3 system-on-chip solution. As a result, the device is almost an order of magnitude cheaper, while the high degree of integration makes it much more energy-efficient. The significant cost reduction means that the patch can now be used as a disposable solution, an important benefit for medical treatment,” says Bernard Grundlehner, System Architect – Connected Health Solutions at imec the Netherlands. The patch uses a mix of skin friendly and biocompatible materials. The base substrate is a very thin, flexible and elastic TPU material. Most of the electronic functionality is realized using printed electronics technologies and integrated dry electrodes provide a stable and high-quality electrical connection to the body. A comfortable silicone adhesive is used to provide long-term adhesion at high comfort. “Completely watertight, the new health patch is built for maximum user comfort and can be worn for up to seven days before needing to be replaced”, explains Dr. Jeroen van den Brand, Program Director ‘Printed Electronics’, TNO. To limit the ecological footprint of the single-use patch, imec researchers have collaborated with Maxell Ltd. to develop an environmentally friendly battery which does not contain any toxic substances. Additionally, the MUSEIC V3 also improves the overall energy-efficiency because of its low-power signal acquisition. While competing solutions generally advertise a battery life of 3-4 days, imec’s

use. This is particularly important for chronically ill patients as it provides an affordable, single-use device that can be easily used to monitor their vital signs and physical activity at home. Easy to apply and comfortable to wear for long periods of time, it enables patients to perform their normal daily activities with minimal impact while providing valuable information to optimize their treatment and medication. The single-use concept can also reduce time spent in the hospital as it allows patients to be sent home earlier while still remotely monitoring their vital signs. Even more versatile than its predecessors, the new patch now also measures blood oxygen saturation (SpO2). This is an important vital sign for assessing a patient’s physical health as low blood oxygen levels can indicate hypoxemia which – if untreated – can compromise organ functions and can even lead to respiratory or cardiac arrest. It also includes an accelerometer for tracking physical activity, an ECG heart activity tracker and bioelectrical impedance monitoring. “Traditionally, blood oxygen saturation is measured with a separate device attached to the finger. This is not very practical for daily living, so we developed a new technique that performs the measurement with a chest patch, via reflective photoplethysmography. By adding this sensing capability to our wearable solution, we are now able to measure three essential vital signs – heart rate, breathing rate and blood oxygen saturation – with a single unobtrusive and comfortable chest patch,” explains Bernard Grundlehner.

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Latest News

Analog Devices and Momenta Collaborate to Advance High- Definition Maps for Autonomous Vehicles

They have the capability to provide map update and localization services. Momenta is also able to leverage modules mounted on taxis, trucks and buses at a large scale to create a crowdsourcing map to build the “brains” of autonomous vehicles. “HD maps are crucially

Analog Devices,Inc. (ADI) and Momenta, an autonomous driving technology company based in Beijing and Suzhou, China, announced a strategic collaboration to advance the development of high-definition (HD) maps in autonomous vehicles. HD maps are a critical element of autonomous driving and must deliver accurate,

real-time information to help safely guide the vehicle to its destination. As part of the collaboration, Analog Devices’ inertial measurement units (IMUs) will be used to improve the mapping system setup and technology upgrades in Momenta’s L3 freeway ramp-to-ramp solution and L4 full autonomy driving solutions. Under poor weather conditions, or when a GPS signal is lost, an IMU becomes essential in delivering high-precision mapping output. ADI’s IMUs will be used to enhance Momenta’s mapping solution to more effectively meet the demanding accuracy requirements of HD maps. ADI’s IMUs exceed the value/performance ratio of higher cost alternative sensors based on fiber optic gyro or laser gyro technologies. “Analog Devices is committed to the development of differentiated technologies to address high performance, high reliability and safety needs that are critical for autonomous driving,” said Chris Jacobs, vice president, Autonomous Transportation and Safety at Analog Devices. “ADI’s sensor solutions provide autonomous driving systems with reliable, high-fidelity navigational and perception information. By combining ADI’s leading IMU performance with Momenta’s extensive experience in deep learning algorithms, the collaboration between both companies is expected to deliver safe, reliable and implementable solutions for autonomous driving.” In creating HD maps, crowdsourcing has become a mainstream development tool due to its low cost and timely updating features. This is particularly important, for example, in Asia where infrastructure updates are frequent. Momenta’s vision-based semantic HD maps are crowdsourced, highly accurate and frequently updated.

important to launching safe and reliable autonomous driving solutions,” said Momenta CEO Xudong Cao. “ADI has extensive experience in developing IMUs, and the company’s high-performance, high-precision sensor technologies can help Momenta build accurate, reliable and easy-to-update HD Maps. Momenta is excited to work together with Analog Devices to advance HD maps for autonomous vehicles.” Momenta’s team is comprised of some of the world’s foremost experts on computer vision and deep learning, including one of the authors of Faster R-CNN and ResNet, the most influential deep learning network, and winners of various top Computer Vision Competitions (ImageNet 2015, MS COCO Challenge 2015, ImageNet 2017, etc.). Group members mainly come from top universities and well-known technology companies. Momenta is a leader in the autonomous driving software space with advanced technical competence and a strong commitment to innovation. Analog Devices has more than 30 years of experience in MEMS inertial sensor design. ADI’s MEMS IMUs have been successfully applied in the avionics and smart agriculture sectors in which requirements are like those for autonomous driving. Analog Devices’ MEMS IMUs are comprehensively verified by market and capable of maintaining critical specifications such as bias, sensitivity, and cross-axis sensitivity under all conditions, including time variation, shock, vibration, and temperature conditions.

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Latest News

SolarEdge to Enter E-Mobility Market with Acquisition of S.M.R.E. Spa

market,” stated Samuele Mazzini, CEO, Chairman and Founder of SMRE. “SMRE’s expertise together with SolarEdge’s successful business track record, R&D capabilities and innovative power electronics will favorably position us in the global

SolarEdge Technologies, Inc. (“SolarEdge”), a global leader in smart energy, announced the entry into a definitive agreement to acquire S.M.R.E Spa (“SMRE”). Headquartered in Italy, SMRE provides innovative integrated powertrain technology and electronics for electric vehicles.

Founded in 1999 and traded on the Italian AIM (SMR.MI), SMRE has three business units: e-mobility, automated production machines and telematics software. The company has more than fifteen years of experience developing end-to-end e-mobility solutions for electric and hybrid vehicles used in motorcycles, commercial vehicles and trucks. These solutions include innovative high-performing powertrains with e-motor, motor drive, gearbox, battery, BMS, chargers, Vehicle Control Unit (VCU) and software for electric vehicles. With governments and automotive manufacturers committed to the electrification of transportation, the global market for electric vehicles is expected by industry experts to increase from approximately one million EVs in 2018 to approximately 20 million annually in 2030, with a CAGR of 30.6% from 2015 and until 2030. “The acquisition of SMRE is another step in executing our strategy of sustainable growth by addressing an additional fast growing and technologically synergetic market while diversifying into new fields outside the solar arena,” stated Guy Sella, CEO, Chairman and Founder of SolarEdge. “SMRE’s innovative technology and experienced, successful team provides SolarEdge with fast-track access to the high-growth e-mobility market. We believe that combining SMRE’s vast experience and full powertrain technology with SolarEdge’s innovative power and battery technology, proven operational excellence and global reach, positions us to become a market leader in this important market.” “SMRE built a strong team that has developed products addressing the current and future needs of the e-mobility

transition to e-mobility.” The initial acquisition entails a purchase from the founder and an additional two stockholders of approximately 51% of the outstanding shares of SMRE pursuant to a standard share purchase agreement, for an aggregate investment of approximately $77 million, with 50% to be paid in cash and the remaining 50% to be paid in shares of SolarEdge common stock. The transaction is expected to close in the coming weeks and will be followed by a mandatory tender offer in which SolarEdge intends to offer to purchase in an all cash transaction, subject to regulatory reviews and approvals, the remaining outstanding ordinary shares of SMRE, that are currently listed on the Italian AIM stock exchange, with the goal of SMRE becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of SolarEdge. This initial acquisition is expected to reduce SolarEdge’s cash balance by approximately $39 million, which will be reflected in the first quarter cash flow and involve the issuance of approximately 1.1 million shares of SolarEdge common stock. From a financial perspective, the contribution of SMRE to SolarEdge’s revenues in the first quarter is expected to be minimal and the effect on non GAAP EPS is expected to be ($0.01)-($0.03) as a result of the additional shares issuance and the results of SMRE operations. Further information on this acquisition will be provided in the fourth quarter 2018 earnings release call.

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CES 2019 Proves AI and 5G Will Transform the Future Every company is a tech company at the world’s most influential tech event

CES 2019 PRESS

Las Vegas – 01/11/2019 – After four days of demonstrating the bright future made possible by technology, CES ® 2019 ended. More than 4,500 exhibitors showcased the latest tech innovations to some 180,000 attendees across more than 2.9 million net square feet of exhibit space in Las Vegas. From global brands to visionary startups, these companies set the world abuzz with the promise of technology. "CES showcases the power of innovation to solve global problems and improve lives around the world,” said Gary Shapiro, president and CEO, Consumer Technology Association (CTA). “The passion, ideas and business connections at CES make this the most significant global tech event – and the most inspirational week of the year.” “Every business must now embrace technology to succeed,” said Karen

Chupka, executive vice president, CES. “And companies like Proctor & Gamble, John Deere and Raytheon proved that at CES 2019.” The CES 2019 keynote stage featured some of the biggest names in tech, including AMD, AT&T Communications, IBM, LG and Verizon. CTA released its 2019 International Innovation Scorecardgrading countries on how well they support innovation, and announced it will invest $10 million in venture firms and funds focused on women, people of color and other underrepresented startups and entrepreneurs. CTA also released its newest book, Ninja Future, exploring the skills needed to remain competitive in the rapidly- changing future. CES is the only show where the entire 5G ecosystem – the backbone for transportation, virtual

reality, sports technology and digital health – comes together. “5G will change everything – 5G is the promise of so much more than what we have seen from wireless technology,” said Hans Vestberg, CEO, Verizon, during his keynote. Fellow keynoter John Donovan, CEO of AT&T Communications, discussed the company’s recent launch of its 5G Evolution network. CES 2019 showed artificial intelligence will influence every aspect of our lives. IBM Chairman, President and CEO Ginni Rometty’s opening keynote explored how AI will prove data is the “world’s greatest natural resource,” enabling revolutions from smart cities to health care, transportation to robotics. During Rometty’s keynote, Delta CEO Ed Bastian and Walmart EVP of Food Charles Redfield shared examples of AI and blockchain

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technology in their businesses. CES 2019 was a turbo-charged mobility show, with 11 of the world’s leading car manufacturers highlighting the future of transportation – including an air taxi from Bell Helicopter and an electric motorcycle from Harley-Davidson. Self-driving technology will save lives, enable greater accessibility and improve productivity. The CES Sports Zone showcased the entire sports tech ecosystem – innovations in smart venues, training, virtual and augmented reality and esports creating immersive content that will change the way we play, watch and experience sports. Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey and NBA Commissioner Adam Silver discussed how their partnership proves social media can promote fan engagement, and the Gamespot eSports truck featured 10 gaming kiosks for both professional gamers and attendees to showcase their skills. C Space brought together content creators, Hollywood, the advertising industry, media and leading CMOs – such as Proctor & Gamble’s Marc Pritchard, IBM’s Michelle Peluso, Unilever’s Keith Weed – to explore the future of brand marketing and entertainment. Exhibits and conference sessions explored the effect of AI on marketing and consumer engagement, mobile and over-the-top video, and content consumption. Eureka Park , the home for startups at CES, featured more than 1,200 companies from over 50 countries offering disruptive innovations, attracting investors and big-name brands. This year Eureka Park – which has launched successful companies including Ring, Benjilock and LifeFuels – included a pitch competition, sponsored by the Consumer Technology Association Foundation and AARP.

Attendees arrive for the opening day of CES 2019.

Digital health technologies were a major theme, and attendees experienced the latest advances and trends in health care. Over 260 doctors and other health professionals attended the Disruptive Innovations in Health Care conference, which offered Continuing Medical Education (CME) credits at CES for the first time. Resilient technologies will keep the

world healthy, safe, warm, powered, fed and secure. Sustainable technologies from companies including YOLK and Zero Mass Water will produce efficient energy solutions and help provide drinking water to developing nations, while reducing the global carbon footprint. Others like Higher Ground Technologies keep us connected anywhere in the world.

The latest in mixed reality headsets at CES 2019.

New-Tech Magazine Europe l 17

Man and machine collaborating on the factory floor: a nightmare or a match made in heaven?

Pieter Simoens, Imec

Industry 5.0: where smart robotics meets human creativity Industry has evolved at breakneck speed in the last 300 years. It all began in the 18th century when the rural societies in Europe and America underwent the process of urbanization and the iron and textile industries started to blossom, in part thanks to the invention of the steam engine. Just before the First World War, new industries (such as the steel and oil industries) emerged, while the invention of electricity allowed us to start mass-producing goods. That marked the start of Industry 2.0. Since then, the pace of development has become ever faster. In the 1970s we witnessed the start of Industry 3.0 – featuring digital technology, the automation of industrial processes and the introduction of robots.

What will our factories look like in 2035? You do not have to be a great visionary to envision a state-of-the-art production facility crammed with robots and artificial intelligence (AI). A ‘rise of the machines’ nightmare scenario? Not necessarily, because people will also play an important role in tomorrow’s factories. In fact, if we manage to optimally combine the strengths of man and machine, we may even lay the foundation of a dream marriage that – by 2035 – might signal the start of the fifth industrial revolution. Featuring smart factories in which the focus is not on automation, digitalization and mass production, but on customization and personalization – steered by human creativity.

And today we are at the dawn of Industry 4.0, which largely builds on the Internet of Things (IoT) revolution: devices of all sorts – including robots – are connected to the Internet and produce a continuous stream of data; data that can be used to generate more insights into industrial processes and to support those processes’ further optimization. Impressive, right? Of course, we have to add a note of caution about these developments. As automation and optimization have become more important over the years, human involvement has been increasingly threatened… “Yet, it is precisely this threat that will be ended with the coming of Industry 5.0. In a world in which every individual wants to fully express oneself, there will be increasing demand for unique,

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customized and personalized products. In such an era, the holy grail will no longer be robot- controlled mass production, but human creativity.” As such, in the smart factories of 2035, a new collaboration model will need to be put in place. A marriage, you could say, between man and machine – with robots doing the heavy mechanical labor, and with their human co-workers being the ‘creative architects’ (inventing new, custom-made products and overseeing their production in tomorrow’s factories). The question is: how can you foster a partnership between man and machine in such a setting? How do you forge an optimal pairing, so that 1 + 1 effectively becomes 3? It will all boil down to effective communication between the different parties! Digital twins for our smart factories? To give Industry 5.0 every chance of success, it will be crucial to advance communication between the different actors (humans and machines). Of course, machines already communicate with each other today. For instance, in large car factories, integrators, with the help of standardized protocols, ensure that machines (sometimes from different providers) 'know' enough about each other to meet production targets. But let us be honest: in today's factories, every machine basically does its own bit of (assembly line) work, and little real communication is needed. In the future, when machines get more autonomous and need to anticipate each other, communication will become more difficult. “For example: imagine two robots

Fig 1: From steam engine to the Internet of Things: industry has evolved at breakneck speed in the last 300 years.

factory floor are the physical result of what is happening in that virtual world. At first glance, this ‘dictator model’ seems an ideal solution to deal with complex situations on the factory floor while ensuring that production targets are met. Technically, such a scenario is already perfectly feasible: the only things you need are a fast data connection between the physical machines in the production area and the ‘virtual brain’, and a lot of processing power. There are however two caveats to this. The first is purely economic. Let us not forget that industrial settings are often complicated and competitive places where many actors collaborate (suppliers and partners – and sometimes also

approaching each other on the factory floor. In this situation, how can one robot anticipate how the other is going to move (“Will he go left or right? And what should I do…”)? And that is before taking into account the positions, actions and reactions of other robots nearby…” To manage this type of situations, you could make a digital copy (or twin) of the factory in the cloud. As such, you create a digital model of the physical factory floor; a model that continuously updates itself based on real-time sensor data; a model where all decisions (and their outcomes) are simulated in real time. In this scenario, all authority is hosted at a central location from which all instructions depart. And the robots and machines on the

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Fig 2: Should we make digital twins of the factory in the cloud to realize a reliable communication between humans and machines? Although this ‘dictator model’ seems an ideal solution to deal with complex situations on the factory floor, there are two caveats: competitors working in the same factory don’t want to share data and a human employee needs to be able to intervene.

competitors). In such a context, protection of data, privacy and information is enormously important – which does not fit the ‘dictator model’ scenario where the central brain must have access to all possible types of data (including competitively sensitive data) to do its job properly. For many business leaders, having to share those data would be the ultimate nightmare. And the second caveat? Human unpredictability! Even if we can operate a factory in which the commercial interests of only one party are involved, the centrally controlled scenario falls to pieces as soon as one person walks around the factory; a person with their own autonomy and authority. Imagine for example that the human employee (the ‘creative architect’, as we labeled them earlier) notices that a robot is doing something wrong and gets involved to rectify the fault… At that moment, the whole system would come to a standstill, as the virtual brain would have lost all control.

Hence, this model might only be a valid one for industrial facilities that focus on the production of bulk goods, and where the role of humans is minimal (or – in the long run – perhaps even non-existent). A new form of artificial intelligence: complex reasoning In other words: whenever man and machine do have to work together, we will need to use different methods to cater for human unpredictability, and to ensure that robots can anticipate it. “A particularly promising principle is that of ‘complex reasoning’ – a new form of artificial intelligence that can be used to teach machines how to reason autonomously and anticipate the actions of something (or someone) else. However, there is still a long way to go before we can put the principle of complex reasoning into practice.” After all, artificial intelligence as we know it today, is based on ‘deep

learning’ – a powerful technology to recognize patterns in huge amounts of data. In the meantime, we have mastered this technology, so now the goal is to take the next step and to have machines ask themselves the question: “How do my actions affect the actions of people around me?” To make things even more complicated, we must throw this extra consideration into the mix: in an industrial setting, the foremost requirement is transparency (to make sure production targets can be met). But deep learning is actually the opposite of this, namely a ‘black box’: you train the system to recognize patterns, but you lose control over how that system comes to its conclusions. Hence, an extra requirement of complex reasoning is that it must be sufficiently transparent (or ‘explainable’) for people to accept it, meaning that in the future we will be talking about ‘explainable AI’.

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Lifelong learning: also for robots In the run up to 2035, complex reasoning will become a new strategic research topic, with teams from across the globe studying how the underlying algorithms must be developed, implemented and optimized. Furthermore, we will be confronted with the issue of how machines can continually improve their reactions and ways of anticipating actions. This means that new ‘reward systems’ based on implicit and explicit feedback signals must be developed. “You can bet that, in future, the concept of ‘lifelong learning’ will no longer only apply to man, but also to machines…” How is imec contributing to this future? Imec holds a world-leading position in several of the technology domains that drive the creation of smart industries: from research into intelligent logistics and the Internet of Things up to human- machine interaction, making sense of big data, the creation of sensor systems for industrial applications, imaging technology, and so on. Questions that our researchers are trying to answer include: How can we help companies reduce operational costs (such as production time and energy consumption) – and help them solve complex logistical puzzles, leveraging intelligent algorithms? Howcanwe extend the advantages of holographic 3D technology or smart vision systems to domains such as smart entertainment and smart manufacturing? How can we optimally – and safely – accommodate human- machine interaction in production environments?

How can we combine sensors, actuators and electronics in small and ultra-low power chips that continuously acquire data on production processes, storage and stock management? How can low-cost identification, tracking and sensing chips be integrated in plastic foil, thinner than paper? How can we turn the massive amounts of unstructured data that are generated by sensor networks into usable knowledge that makes companies more efficient? Want to know more? Today, the 3D reconstruction of, for example, tunnels or industrial buildings is a time-consuming and expensive process. Read more about LiBorg 2.0 – a robot for on- the-fly 3Dmapping of environments, based on lidar technology. In this article, you will learn how you can inspect the inside of complex quality products and avoid damaging them. Learn more about Antwerp start- up Aloxy, a spin-off from imec and the University of Antwerp, which delivers plug-and-play IoT solutions for digitizing manual valves in the petrochemical industry and for asset

management during maintenance and shutdowns. In ‘The Internet of Unexpected Things’ a selection of IoT projects is presented in which imec collaborates closely with industrial partners. How can we plug robots into the IoT? Found out more in this article. Biography Pieter Simoens Pieter Simoens (1982) is a professor at Ghent University, affiliated to imec. He specializes in distributed artificial intelligent systems. His research focuses, among other things, on the link between robots and the Internet of Things, continuously learning embedded devices and the study of how collective intelligence can arise from the collaboration of individual and autonomous agents.

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Interview: Stefan Juraschek, Vice President Development Electric-Powertrain.

BMW GROUP - PRESS ROOM

Mr. Juraschek, was BMW slow off the mark with electric mobility? Juraschek: No, absolutely not. The BMW Group actually played a pioneering role with BMW i. Today we are the premium manufacturer offering the widest range of battery electric vehicles and plug- in hybrids. We currently produce the following electrified models: the BMW i3 (third model evolution with 120 Ah) , BMW i3s, BMW i8 Coupe, BMW i8 Roadster, BMW 740e, BMW 740Le, BMW 530e, BMW 225xe Active Tourer, MINI Cooper S E Countryman ALL4 and, in China, the BMW X1 xDrive25Le. Plus, we have also announced new plug-in hybrid variants of the 3 Series Sedan and BMW X5 for 2019 following the arrival of new model generations. This number is set to grow to at least 13 plug-

in hybrid models by 2025. Adding these to the wide selection of all- electric cars – whose range is due to increase substantially next year incidentally – will bring the portfolio of electrified vehicles to at least 25. Sales topped the 100,000 mark last year and will have grown by around 50% this year. Is the BMW Group prepared if electric mobility starts to gather momentum at an even greater pace in future? Juraschek: The BMW Group is already developing its fifth generation of electric drive systems, meaning that it has created an excellent foundation for the future. This latest generation will go into service as soon as 2020 in the BMW iX3. A crucial advantage of this fifth- generation system is that the

electric motor, transmission and power electronics now form a single, highly integrated electric drive component. This extremely compact unit takes up far less space than the three separate components used in preceding generations. Its modular construction means that it is scalable, too, allowing it to be modified to suit all sorts of different installation spaces and power requirements. The BMW Group will start to fit the next generation of battery cells in the new, scalable and evenmore powerful vehicle batteries alongside the introduction of the new electric drive components. The modular “building block” concept will allow the new batteries to be incorporated flexibly into every vehicle architecture. Another highly integrated component will be added to the portfolio in the form of a DC/ DC charger unit.

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