Marino The ICU Book 4e, IE

814 Nervous System Disorders

5. Sprung CL, Cerra FB, Freund HR, et al. Amino acid alterations and encephalopathy in the sepsis syndrome. Crit Care Med 1991; 19:753–757. Delirium 6. Zaal IJ, Slooter AJC. Delirium in critically ill patients: epidemiology, patho- physiology, diagnosis and management. Drugs, 2012; 72:1457–1471. 7. Ely EW, ShintaniA, Truman B, et al. Deliriumas a predictor of mortality inmechan- ically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit. JAMA2004; 291:1753–1762. 8. Inouye SK. Delirium in older persons. N Engl J Med 2006; 354:1157–1165. 9. Ely EW, Margolin R, Francis J, et al. Evaluation of delirium in critically ill patients: validation of the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU). Crit Care Med 2001; 29:1370–1379. 10. Webster R, Holroyd S. Prevalence of psychotic symptoms in delirium. Psycho- somatics 2000; 41:519–522. 11. McGuire BE, Basten CJ, Ryan CJ, et al. Intensive care unit syndrome: a dan- gerous misnomer. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160:906–909. 12. Inouye SK. The dilemma of delirium: clinical and research controversies re- garding diagnosis and evaluation of delirium in hospitalized elderly medical patients. Am J Med 1994; 97:278–288. 13. Fick DM, Agostini JV, Inouye SK. Delirium superimposed on dementia: a systematic review. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002; 50:1723–1732. 14. Pandharipande PP, Pun BT, Herr DL, et al. Effect of sedation with dexmedeto- midine vs. lorazepam on acute brain dysfunction on mechanically ventilated patients: the MENDS randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2007; 298:2644–2653. 15. Riker RR, Shehabi Y, Bokesch PM, et al. Dexmedetomidine vs. midazolam for sedation of critically ill patients: a randomized trial. JAMA 2009; 301:489–499. 16. Barr J, Fraser G, Puntillo K, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the manage- ment of pain, agitation, and delirium in adult patients in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 2013; 41:263–306. DeliriumTremens 17. Tetrault JM, O’Connor PG. Substance abuse and withdrawal in the critical care setting. Crit Care Clin 2008; 24:767–788. 18. Attard O, Dietermann JL, Diemunsch P, et al. Wernicke encephalopathy: a complication of parenteral nutrition diagnosed by magnetic resonance imag- ing. Anesthesiology 2006; 105:847–848. 19. Mayo-Smith MF, Beecher LH, Fischer TL, et al. Management of alcohol withdrawal delirium: an evidence-basedpractice guideline.Arch InternMed 2004; 164:1405–1412. Coma 21. Stevens RD, Bhardwaj A. Approach to the comatose patient. Crit Care Med 2006; 34:31–41. 22. Bateman DE. Neurological assessment of coma. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001; 71:i13–i17.

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