Practice Update: DIABETES

CONTENTS 3

RESEARCH Editor’s picks 4 Effect of a virtual glucose management service on inpatient glycemic control 5 Effect of metformin and lifestyle on coronary artery calcium in the Diabetes Prevention Program 6 Ophthalmic screening insufficient among youths with diabetes 7 Effect of artificial pancreas systems on glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes Microvascular complications 14 Effects of a long-term lifestyle modification program on peripheral neuropathy in obese adults with type 2 diabetes 16 Individualized model for retinopathy screening in type 1 diabetes

Conference coverage 8 American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists 26th Annual Meeting & Clinical Congress lifestyle on coronary artery calcium in the Diabetes Prevention Program Cover 5 Effect of metformin and

PracticeUpdate is guided by a world-renowned Editorial and Advisory Board that represents community practitioners and academic specialists with cross-disciplinary expertise.

Silvio Inzucchi MD Richard Pratley MD, Deborah Wexler MD

Editor-in-Chief

Associate Editors

Editorial Contributors Lisa Parikh,

Ana Perdigoto MDPhD, Camille Powe MD

PracticeUpdate® is a registered trademark of Elsevier Inc. © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ABOUT PracticeUpdate Diabetes provides coverage of key research from leading international conferences, and a collection of top journal articles and accompanying expert commentaries in a convenient print periodical. These and more are also available online at www. practiceupdate.com PracticeUpdate and PracticeUpdate Diabetes are commercially supported by advertising, sponsorship, and educational grants. Individual access to PracticeUpdate.com is free. Premium content is available to any user who registers with the site. While PracticeUpdate is a commercially-sponsored product, it maintains the highest level of academic rigour, objectivity, and fair balance associated with all Elsevier products. No editorial content is influenced in any way by commercial sponsors or content contributors. DISCLAIMER PracticeUpdate Diabetes has been developed for specialist medical professionals. The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the Publisher. Elsevier will not assume responsibility for damages, loss, or claims of any kind arising from or related to the information contained in this publication, including any claims related to the products, drugs, or services mentioned herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. Please consult the full current Product Information before prescribing any medication mentioned in this publication. Although all advertising material is expected to conform to ethical (medical) standards, inclusion in this publication does not constitute a guarantee or endorsement of the quality or value of such product or of the claims made of it by its manufacturer. SALES Fleur Gill fleur.gill@elsevier.com Linnea Mitchell-Taverner l.mitchell@elsevier.com PRODUCTION Editorial Manager Anne Neilson anne.neilson@elsevier.com Editorial Project Manager Carolyn Ng Designer Jana Sokolovskaja Cover images: Illustration of glucose and insulin in the body.

8 Women with gestational diabetes requiring insulin at higher risk of postpartum diabetes 9 Three prognostic factors of mortality identified in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis 10 U500 insulin screening of diabetic patients uncovers large amount of undiagnosed 11 Guidelines for treating the new cardiovascular “extreme risk” category have been validated 12 BMI, polypharmacy, lab testing may help diagnose DKA and identify high risk of its recurrence 13 Heart failure deserves more scrutiny as a complication of type 2 diabetes hypercorticolism consistent with Cushing’s syndrome

Obesity 17 Artificially sweetened beverages, stroke and dementia

Cardiovascular complications 18 Sulfonylureas are

My perspective 20 A resurgence of interest in pioglitazone? 22 Reading our blueprints – nature’s lessons in pathophysiology found within our DNA

associated with increased risks of cardiovascular events and death 19 Effect of fasting glucose levels on cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality

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