McKenna's Pharmacology, 2e

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C H A P T E R 1  Introduction to drugs

Drug Enforcement Agency. (2000). Guidelines for prescription of narcotics for physicians . Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Gilman, A., Hardman, J. G. & Limbird, L. E. (Eds). (2006). Goodman and Gilman’s the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (11th edn). New York: McGraw-Hill. Koo, M. M., Krass, I. & Aslani, P. (2003). Factors influencing consumer use of written drug information. Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 37 (2), 259–267. Kuo, G. M. (2003). Pharmacodynamic basis of herbal medications. Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 37 (2), 308. McKenna, L. (2012). Pharmacology Made Incredibly Easy (1st Australian and New Zealand edn). Sydney: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

McKenna, L. & Mirkov, S. (2014). McKenna’s Drug Handbook for Nursing and Midwifery (7th edn). Sydney: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Morgan, S., Grootendorst, P., Lexchin, J., Cunningham, C. & Greyson, D. (2011). The cost of drug development: A systematic review. Health Policy, 100 (1), 4–17. Sun, S. X., Lee, K. Y., Bertram, C. T. & Goldstein, J. L. (2007). Withdrawal of COX-2 selective inhibitors rofecoxib and valdecoxib: Impact on NSAID and gastroprotective drug prescribing and utilization. Current Medical Research and Opinion, 23 (8), 1859–1866.

C H E C K Y O U R U N D E R S T A N D I N G

5. The ADEC pregnancy categories: a. indicate a drug’s potential or actual teratogenic effects. b. are used for research purposes only. c. list drugs that are more likely to have addicting properties. d. are tightly regulated by the TGA. 6. Healthy young women are not usually involved in phase I studies of drugs because: a. male bodies are more predictable and responsive to chemicals. b. females are more apt to suffer problems with ova, which are formed only before birth. c. males can tolerate the unknown adverse effects of many drugs better than females. d. there are no standards to use to evaluate the female response. 7. A person has been taking fluoxetine ( Prozac ) for several years, but when picking up the prescription this month, found that the tablets looked different and became concerned. The health professional, checking with the pharmacist, found that fluoxetine had just become available in the generic form and the prescription had been filled with the generic product. The nurse should tell the person: a. that the new tablet may not work at all and the person should carefully monitor response. b. that generic drugs are available without a prescription and they are just as safe as the brand-name medication. c. that the law requires that prescriptions be filled with the generic form if available to cut down the cost of medications. d. that the pharmacist filled the prescription with the wrong drug and it should be returned to the pharmacy for a refund.

Answers to the questions in this chapter can be found in Appendix A at the back of this book.

MULTIPLE CHOICE Select the best answer to the following. 1. Clinical pharmacology is the study of: a. the biological effects of chemicals.

b. drugs used to treat, prevent or diagnose disease. c. plant components that can be used as medicines. d. binders and other vehicles for delivering medication. 2. Phase I drug studies involve: a. the use of laboratory animals to test chemicals. b. people with the disease the drug is designed to treat. c. mass marketing surveys of drug effects in large numbers of people. d. healthy human volunteers who are often paid for their participation. 3. The generic name of a drug is: a. the name assigned to the drug by the pharmaceutical company developing it. b. the chemical name of the drug based on its chemical structure. c. the original name assigned to the drug at the beginning of the evaluation process. d. the name that is often used in advertising campaigns. 4. An orphan drug is a drug that: a. has failed to go through the approval process. b. is available in a foreign country but not in this country. c. has been tested but is not considered to be financially viable. d. is available without a prescription.

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