McKenna's Pharmacology, 2e

40

P A R T 1  Introduction to nursing pharmacology

Edwards, R. & Aronson, J. K. (2000). Adverse drug reactions: Defnitions, diagnosis, and management. Lancet, 356 , 1255–1259. Gabe, M. E., Davies, G. A., Murphy, F., Davies, M., Johnstone, L. & Jordan, S. (2011). Adverse drug reactions: treatment burdens and nurse-led medication monitoring. Journal of Nursing Management , 19(3) , 377–392. Goodman, L. S., Brunton, L. L., Chabner, B. & Knollmann, B. C. (2011). Goodman and Gilman’s Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (12th edn). New York: McGraw-Hill. Hakkarainen, K. M., Hedna, K., Petzold, M. et al. (2012). Percentage of patients with preventable adverse drug reactions and preventability of adverse drug reactions—A meta-analysis. PLoS ONE , 7(3) , 1–9.

Kalisch, L. M., Caughey, G. E., Roughead, E. E. & Gilbert, A. L. (2011). The prescribing cascade. Australian Prescriber , 34(6) , 162–166. McKenna, L. (2012). Pharmacology Made Incredibly Easy (1st Australian and New Zealand edn). Sydney: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. McKenna, L. & Mirkov, S. (2014). McKenna’s Drug Handbook for Nursing and Midwifery (7th edn). Sydney: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Mercier, E., Giraudeau, B., Ginies, G., Perrotin, D. & Dequin, P. (2010). Iatrogenic events contributing to ICU admission: a prospective study . Intensive care medicine, 36(6) , 1033–1037.

C H E C K Y O U R U N D E R S T A N D I N G

4. Persons receiving antineoplastic drugs that disrupt cell function often have adverse effects involving cells that turn over rapidly in the body. These cells include: a. ovarian cells. b. liver cells. c. cardiac cells. d. bone marrow cells. 5. A woman has had repeated bouts of bronchitis throughout the autumn and has been taking antibiotics. She calls the clinic with complaints of vaginal pain and itching. When she is seen, it is discovered that she has developed a yeast infection. You would explain to her that: a. her bronchitis has moved to the vaginal area. b. she has developed a superinfection because the antibiotics kill bacteria that normally provide protection. c. she probably has developed a sexually transmitted disease related to her lifestyle. d. she will need to take even more antibiotics to treat this new infection. 6. Knowing that a person is taking a loop diuretic and is at risk for developing hypokalaemia, the healthcare provider would assess the person for: a. hypertension, headache and cold and clammy skin. b. decreased urinary output and yellowing of the sclera. c. weak pulse, low blood pressure and muscle cramping. d. diarrhoea and flatulence.

Answers to the questions in this chapter can be found in Appendix A at the back of this book.

MULTIPLE CHOICE Select the best answer to the following. 1. An example of a drug allergy is: a. dry mouth occurring with use of an antihistamine. b. increased urination occurring with use of a thiazide diuretic. c. breathing difficulty after an injection of penicillin. d. skin rash associated with procainamide use. 2. A person taking glyburide (an antidiabetic drug) has his morning dose and then does not have a chance to eat for several hours. An adverse effect that might be expected from this would be: a. a teratogenic effect. b. a skin rash. c. an anticholinergic effect. d. hypoglycaemia. 3. A person with a severe infection is given gentamicin, the only antibiotic shown to be effective in culture and sensitivity tests. A few hours after the drug is started intravenously, the person becomes very restless and develops oedema. Blood tests reveal abnormal electrolytes and elevated BUN. This reaction was most likely caused by: a. an anaphylactic reaction.

b. renal toxicity associated with gentamicin. c. superinfection related to the antibiotic. d. hypoglycaemia.