NGOs under European Convention on Human Rights / Tymofeyeva

1.2.2.2 Role of a third party

75 75 79 79 79 81 82 83 86 86 88 89 91 91 91 94 94 94 95 96 87

Authorisation to take part in the proceedings

Duties of a third party

1.2.2.3 Role of a representative

Authorisation to represent

Representation by an NGO or by a practicing lawyer

De facto representative Duties of a representative

1.2.2.4 Role of an information provider

Clarification of the subject matter

Providing information in the course of the proceedings before the Court Providing information in the course of the execution of judgments

Duties of a provider of information

1.3 DEFINITION OF ‘NGO’ FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS BOOK

1.3.1 General remarks

1.3.2 Direct reference to the phrase ‘NGO’ in the Convention

1.3.3 Implied participation of NGOs

Article 36 of the Convention Rule 36 of the Rules of Court

Article 46 of the Convention and Rule 9 of the Rules of the Committee of Ministers 1.3.4 Various understandings and the term ‘Article 34 NGO’

CHAPTER II RIGHTS OF ARTICLE 34 NGOS UNDER THE CONVENTION PART I. 2.1 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS ON THE LIST OF RIGHTS 99 2.2 RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL (ARTICLE 6) 103 2.2.1 General observations 103 2.2.2 Access to court 104 2.2.3 The right to an independent and impartial tribunal 108 2.2.4 Equality of arms 111 2.2.5 Length of the proceedings 112 2.2.6 Non-enforcement 115 2.3 NO PUNISHMENT WITHOUT LAW (ARTICLE 7) 119 2.3.1 General observations 119

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