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1.6 THE CHRONOLOGY AND PERSPECTIVES OF PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY 29

TABLE 1.2 Milestones in the history of personality. The major dates, authors, and themes in the development of a scientific personality psychology

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Date Event

1890 William James published Principles of Psychology (with sections on the self and other personality-related issues) 1900 Sigmund Freud published The Interpretation of Dreams 1907 Alfred Adler published A Study of Organic Inferiority and Its Psychical Compensation 1908 Mary Calkins described the self (in several papers) 1910 Carl Jung published ‘The association method’ (research on complexes) 1913 John B. Watson published his behaviourist manifesto: ‘Psychology as the behaviorist views it’ 1915 Edward Webb published ‘Character and intelligence: an attempt at an exact study of character’ 1923 Sigmund Freud published The Ego and the Id (structures of personality) 1927 Gordon Allport published ‘Concepts of trait and personality’ 1935 Henry Murray published the ‘Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)’ 1936 Gordon Allport and Henry Odbert published ‘Trait names: a psycho-lexical study’ 1936 Anna Freud published The ego and the mechanisms of defense 1937 Gordon Allport published Personality: A Psychological Interpretation 1937 Karen Horney published The Neurotic Personality of Our Time 1938 Henry Murray and colleagues published Explorations in Personality 1938 B. F. Skinner published The Behavior of Organisms: An Experimental Analysis 1939 John Dollard, Neal Miller, and colleagues published Frustration and Aggression 1943 Raymond B. Cattell published a factor analysis of trait names 1943 Abraham Maslow published ‘A theory of human motivation’ 1944 Hans Eysenck published a factor analysis of a medical checklist statistically recovering the dimensions of Extraversion and Neuroticism 1947 Hans Eysenck published Dimensions of Personality 1949 Donald Fiske showed there are five rather than 11 or 12 factors in Cattell’s data © Oxford University Press

1950 Erik Erikson published Childhood and Society 1951 Carl Rogers published Client-Centered Therapy

1952 Hans Eysenck published The Structure of Human Personality 1954 Abraham Maslow published Motivation and Personality 1955 Lee Cronbach and Paul Meehl published ‘Construct validity in psychological tests’ 1955 George Kelly published The Psychology of Personal Constructs 1957 Lee Cronbach published ‘The two disciplines of scientific psychology’

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