Resident Manual of Trauma to the Face, Head and Neck

physicians, trauma surgeons, radiologists, neurosurgeons, and otolaryn- gologists. After the patient is stabilized, the sequelae of the temporal bone fractures can undergo further evaluation and management. The otolaryngology evaluation should establish baseline facial nerve function and assess for the presence of a CSF leak, in addition to identifying hearing and balance deficits related to the fracture. Once the patient is stabilized, a thorough head and neck and neurological examination should be performed, along with a dedicated temporal bone noncontrast CT and audiogram or bedside hearing assessment. Confirming a CSF leak and deciding the optimal therapy for facial nerve dysfunction are the primary challenges faced during the evaluation of temporal bone fractures. VIII. References and Suggested Readings Brodie HA, Thompson TC. Management of complications from 820 temporal bone fractures. Am J Otol . 1997;18:188-197. Cannon CR, Jahrsdoerfer RA. Temporal bone fractures: Review of 90 cases. Arch Otolaryngol. 1983;109:285-288. Chang JCY, Cass S. Management of facial nerve injury due to temporal bone trauma. Am J Otol. 1999;20:96. Dahiya R, Keller JD, Litofsky NS, Bankey PE, Bonassar LJ, Megerian CA. Temporal bone fractures: Otic capsule sparing versus otic capsule violating clinical and radiographic considerations. J Trauma. 1999;47:1079-1083. Johnson F, Semaan MT, Megaerian CA. Temporal bone fracture: Evaluation and management in the modern era. Otolaryngology Clinics of North America. 2008;41(3):597-618. Little SC, Kesser BW. Radiographic classification of temporal bone fracture: Clinical predictability using a new system. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006;132(12):1300-1304. Nosan DK, Benecke JE, Murr AH. Current perspective on temporal bone trauma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1997;117(1): 67-71.

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