Resident Manual of Trauma to the Face, Head and Neck

II. Indications of the Presence of Mandibular Fracture ...............101 A. Symptoms (Subjective)................................................................101 B. Signs (Objective)............................................................................101 1. Deformity ..................................................................................101 2. Pain ............................................................................................102 3. Tooth and Bone Fragment Hypermobility.........................102 4. Bleeding, Hematoma, and Swelling....................................102 5. Crepitus.....................................................................................102 6. Restricted Function.................................................................102 7. Sensory Disturbances............................................................102 III. Classification of Mandibular Fractures .......................................102 A. Condyle Fractures ........................................................................104 1. Condylar Head or Intracapsular Fractures .......................105 2. Condylar Neck and Subcondylar Fractures .....................105 B. Fractures of the Mandibular Angle...........................................106 C. Fractures of the Mandibular Body............................................106 D. Fractures of the Symphysis and Parasymphysis...................106 E. Fractures of the Ramus................................................................ 107 F. Fractures of the Coronoid............................................................ 107 G. Alveolar (Dentoalveolar) Fractures.......................................... 107 H. Edentulous Fractures....................................................................108 1. Closed Reduction....................................................................108 2. Open Reduction.......................................................................108 IV. Diagnostic Evaluations ......................................................................108 A. Full-Body Trauma Assessment..................................................108 B. Trauma History..............................................................................108 C. Head and Neck Examination.......................................................110 D. Oral Examination............................................................................110 E. Occlusal Evaluation.......................................................................110 1. Angle Class I Occlusion..........................................................110 2. Angle Class II Occlusion..........................................................111 3. Angle Class III Occlusion........................................................111 4. Maximum Intercuspation........................................................111 5. Wear Facets................................................................................111 6. Overjet and Overbite............................................................... 112 7. Skeletal Malocclusion............................................................. 112 8. Dental Malocclusion............................................................... 112 9. Mesial.......................................................................................... 112 10. Distal........................................................................................... 112 11. Crossbite.................................................................................... 112 12. Centric Occlusion and Centric Relation............................. 112 13. Vertical Dimension of Occlusion.......................................... 112 14. Identification of Adult and Pediatric Teeth........................ 113

Resident Manual of Trauma to the Face, Head, and Neck 6