Vi-CELL BLU -Application Notes

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Vi-CELL BLU APPLICATION NOTES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Vi-CELL BLU CELL VIABILITY/COUNTING ANALYZER Title

Page

• Vi-CELL BLU cell viability/counting analyzer - General Brochure ..............................................................................................................p.1 • Matching Cell Counts between Vi–CELL XR and Vi–CELL BLU ...............................................................................................................p.5 • Evaluation of Instrument to Instrument Performance of the Vi–CELL BLU Cell Viability Analyzer ..........................................................p.11 • Cell Counting Performance of Vi–CELL BLU Cell Viability Analyzer ........................................................................................................p.17 • Considerations of Cell Counting Analysis when using Different Types of Cells .......................................................................................p.22 • Vi–CELL BLU FAST Mode Option ............................................................................................................................................................p.26 • Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide Decontamination of Vi–CELL BLU Instrument ........................................................................................p.29 • Method for Determining Cell Type Parameter Adjustment to Match Legacy Vi-CELL XR .......................................................................p.31

© 2019 Beckman Coulter, Inc. All rights reserved. Beckman Coulter, the stylized logo, and the Beckman Coulter product and service marks mentioned herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of Beckman Coulter, Inc. in the United States and other countries.

For Beckman Coulter’s worldwide office locations and phone numbers, please visit “Contact Us” at beckman.com

VI-CELL BLU CELL VIABILITY/COUNTING ANALYZER Automated platform. Accelerated results.

The Vi-CELL BLU automates the widely accepted trypan blue dye exclusion method for cell viability that has historically been performed with a light microscope, pipette, and a hemacytometer. This makes it perfect for large-to small-scale cell viability/counting applications in many fields including biopharma and academia.

• Fully automated sample preparation • Fast sample processing • Small sample volume requirements • Strong instrument-to-instrument comparability • More sample capacity

BUILT ON LEGACY

Design Inspired by the Vi-CELL XR

• Fully automated sample prep and cell counting • 24 position sample carousel 96-well plate compatible • Reagent pack complete with trypan blue, buffer, disinfectant and cleaning solutions

• Built-in PC (Win 10 OS) with touchscreen monitor • Facilitates 21 CFR Part 11 Compliance • Facilitates your ability to be compliant with IQ/OQ

Advancements Thanks to cutting-edge liquid handling and imaging technology, the entire system – from sample aspiration, reagent handling, image analysis, to instrument cleaning – is fully controlled by an advanced yet easy to use software interface designed for maximum flexibility. This instrument revolutionizes the speed, reliability and objectivity of your results, and provides critical information conventional methods simply cannot offer.

• High speed camera enables the system to capture images as the sample flows continuously through the flowcell. Without the need to pause the sample flow for image capture, we are able to increase the speed of sample analysis, thereby decreasing the total sample processing time. • Decreasing tubing length and inner diameter enables the system to utilize smaller sample volumes for analysis • Optimizing the syringe pump speed accelerates mixing and washing time while minimizing the introduction of bubbles • Advanced software algorithms: °° Use of a Concentration slope for improved linearity and accuracy of concentration °° Ability to reanalyze data for cell type optimization °° Bubble detection to alert the operator of the presence of bubble(s) in an image. °° Ability to detect and ignore dust on the flowcell

SPECIFICATIONS

Auto sampler

Sample from 96-well plate

Minimum sample volume

Maximum sample volume

Facilitates 21 CFR Part 11

Aspiration and trypan blue mixing

Feature

Sample analysis time

<130 seconds Normal Mode <90 seconds FAST Mode Typical analysis time: Normal mode: 110 seconds FAST mode: 80 seconds 100 images, ~2x10 6 cells/ml

170 microliters in FAST mode 200 microliters in Normal mode

Yes, 24 position

Vi-CELL BLU

Yes

500 microliters

Yes

Adjustable

• Convenience of loading samples at once • Walk away operation

Helps optimize cell types, such as fragile cell lines. Added mixing helps separate sticky cells before analysis, improving results.

Less cell culture depletion from small scale cell cultures

Walkaway operation

Time savings, increased throughput

Benefits

Compliance

Operating System

Power Requirements

Temperature

Weight

50 Watts, 65 Watts max AC Input: 100-240V~, 2.5A, 50-60Hz

13° - 37°C 55° - 99°F

28 kg 63 lbs

Win 10

CHARACTERIZED By Ingenuity

2 |

Data Integrity and Compliance The Electronic Records and Electronic Signatures Rule (21 CFR Part 11) was established by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to define the requirements for submitting documentation in electronic form and the criteria for approved electronic signatures. Since analytical instrument systems, such as the Vi-CELL, generate electronic records, these systems must facilitate compliance with the Electronic Records Rule. By enabling the Security option in the software, it automatically allows the user to configure the system. The Vi-CELL features the following key system components to facilitate 21 CFR Part 11 compliance

• Audit trail • Error log files • Electronic signature capability • Secure user sign-on • User level permissions • Administrative configuration tools Flexibility and Ease of Use • Easy to install reagent pack • Single-use controls • Exporting data • Analysis of data on personal desktop • Supports the ability of other software programs to access data from Vi-CELL BLU

• Facilitates your ability to be compliant with IQ/OQ • RFID tracking of reagent part number, lot number, activities and expiration date

Cleanroom Compatible • Surfaces can be wiped down • No external PC or monitor • VHP tolerant (20 cycles/year)

System-to-system mean sample concentration results of a common divided sample shall be within 10% of each other, with at least 2.0e+6 cells/mL concentration and 95% confidence.

Default cell analysis parameters

Ability to optimize analysis parameters

User-definable declustering options

Concentration range

Counting accuracy

Counting repeatability

Out-of-range concentration flag

Circularity measurement

Size range

Concentration repeatability CV of ± 5% for a common sample with greater than or equal to 2.0 x 10 6 particles/ml

Within 10% of Coulter Counter concentration for concentrations of 2e+6 or more

5 x 10 4 to 1.5 x 10 7 cells/mL

Yes

2-60 microns

Yes

Helps in optimizing cell types, such as “sticky cell lines” and helps number cells in clusters

• Improved accuracy • Correlation to alternative method

Improved measuring range for small cells and yeast

Helps in isolating debris from sample

Automatically keeps operator informed

Minimize need to dilute samples

Confidence in answer

Easy start-up

Unit Dimensions

W x D x H 42 x 54 x 45 (cm) 16.5 x 21 x 18 (in)

| 3

BUILT ON LEGACY

Part Numbers

Part Number

Description

Vi-CELL BLU System, includes the instrument and start-up kit

C19201

Accessories and Consumables

Part Number

Description

C06019

Vi-CELL BLU single reagent kit

C39291

Vi-CELL BLU quad pack reagent kit (qty 4)

Sample vials (350 sample vials/bag)

C24843

C24841

96-well plate, qty 5

C24842

96-well plate cover slip, qty 10

0.5M single-use concentration control (20 vials of 0.5 x 10 6 beads/mL) 2.0M single-use concentration control (20 vials of 2 x 10 6 beads/mL) 4.0M single-use concentration control (20 vials of 4 x 10 6 beads/mL) 10.0M single-use concentration control (20 vials of 10 x 10 6 beads/mL)

C09147

C09148

C09149

C09150

50% single-use viability control (20 vials of 50% viability beads)

C09145

C23660

Start-up kit

Service Offerings

Part Number

Description

Remote Service & Support Fast, secure, online support to help: • Proactively reduce instrument downtime • Maximize productivity • Optimize workflows Easy-to-configure and firewall-friendly, BeckmanConnect gives our service experts real-time system visibility so they can resolve instrument issues and get you back up and running—fast. This cloud-based service is offered at no cost for instruments under warranty or covered by a service agreement. For details, visit beckman.com/beckmanconnect .

C22907

Vi-Cell BLU preventative maintenance

C22908

Vi-Cell BLU installation with basic training, IQ and OQ

C22909

Vi-Cell BLU instrument qualification

C22910

Vi-Cell BLU installation without training

C22911

Vi-Cell BLU installation with basic training

C22912

Vi-Cell BLU installation qualification

Product is not verified or validated for use in diagnostic procedures. © 2019 Beckman Coulter, Inc. All rights reserved. Beckman Coulter, the stylized logo, and the Beckman Coulter product and service marks mentioned herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of Beckman Coulter, Inc. in the United States and other countries. For Beckman Coulter’s worldwide office locations and phone numbers, please visit “Contact Us” at beckman.com PART-3472SB03.19

APPLICATION NOTE

Matching Cell Counts between Vi–CELL XR and Vi–CELL BLU

When a new instrument technology is introduced there may be the necessity of revalidating protocols on the new platforms however this can be a costly and time consuming exercise. With this consideration in mind we have designed the Vi–CELL BLU with the flexibility to adjust the Cell Type settings to match results obtained from an equivalent sample when run on the Vi–CELL XR. Complete matching may not be possible in all cases as the performance characteristics between the two instruments is very different, but for many cell types this should be possible to match the performance between machines to acceptable levels. To demonstrate this, a series of different cell types were run on the Vi–CELL XR using typical cell type parameters for the cell type. At the same time (to reduce time variability) duplicate samples were run on Vi–CELL BLU instruments using default cell type parameters. The Vi–CELL BLU data was then reanalyzed adjusting the cell type parameters until a new cell type was generated that gave cell concentration within +/–5%* and viable cell density levels within +/–2.5%* of the Vi-CELL XR. Replicate samples were then run using the new cell type to confirm the performance. Methods 1. The Vi–CELL XR and Vi–CELL BLU instruments were first baselined using manufacturer recommended standard beads and protocols. 2. Instrument performance was then verified using 1M beads/mL BEC concentration controls (catalog number 175478) on Vi–CELL XR and Vi–CELL BLU instruments. (Alternative bead concentrations can be utilized as long as the concentration is determined using another particle counter such as a Multisizer Coulter Counter). 3. Before proceeding the concentration measurements of instruments need to be within 5% of each other. 4. Run samples of cells on Vi–CELL XR using the desired cell types. Cells need to be > 2M/mL and > 50% viability (> 70% is preferred). Export data for later analysis. Replicate samples are recommended to improve statistical confidence. 5. Run samples of the same cells on the Vi–CELL BLU using the nearest equivalent default cell type parameters (typically Mammalian). Export data for later analysis. 6. Use cell type: Reanalysis option (Figure 1) to adjust Vi–CELL BLU cell type parameters to match cell concentration and viability to within 10% of report Vi–CELL XR concentration and within 5% reported viability. Save Adjusted Cell Types. *Results may vary for different cell lines, concentrations or viability ranges

Characterized by Ingenuity | 1

Figure 1. Cell Type Reanalysis

Guidelines for Adjusting Cell Type Parameters 1. Use the annotated images in Vi–CELL XR and Vi–CELL BLU software to determine which parameters to adjust. 2. Min and max diameters and decluster degree will most likely change the cell concentration value and reported average diameter. These parameters have the biggest impact on which objects are included in the overall count (analysis population). Use annotation to adjust if small or large cells are circled blue. 3. Viable spot brightness is adjusted to match viability, use image annotations to adjust if dead cells are circled green or live cells are circled red (see next slide). Note that viable spot brightness is inversely related to viability % as increasing the brightness threshold for what defines a live cell will reduce the number of cells scored as live. 4. Decluster degree can be increased if cells are not accurately counted in clumps or decreased if excess cells are present in clumps. Note that changing decluster will require the full image set to be saved to get accurate results as the images have to be reanalyzed to generate a new object population. 5. Circularity and sharpness can be increased to eliminate debris. Viable spot area can also be used to filter out debris.

Characterized by Ingenuity | 2

For cells that deviate significantly between the instruments, check the analysis images and ensure that there are not excessive clumping or for cells are inadequately stained. Some cell types such as adherent cells can be rather clustered whereas yeast and other cell walled organisms may show resistance to trypan blue uptake. To help address this it may be necessary to rerun samples with the following changes. 1. Increasing aspiration cycles can be used to declump cells. 2. Increasing trypan blue mixing cycles can be used to allow for more staining time if dead cells seem faint and are not circled red. To evaluate the instrument matching approach cells were run on 3 Vi–CELL BLU and 3 Vi–CELL XR systems using the same default cell profiles as outlined below. The goal is to match the systems within +/–5% (10% range) for concentration and diameter and within +/–2.5% (5% range) for Viability. This degree of tolerance was chosen as it falls within the performance criteria for the Vi–CELL BLU instrument. Users can determine their own degree of matching but these general guidelines will typically put the measured values within statistically acceptable limits. Results CHO Cells CHO cells were run on the Vi–CELL XR and Vi–CELL BLU. A default CHO cell profile was used on the Vi–CELL XR and the default mammalian cell profile used on the Vi–CELL BLU.

Vi–CELL BLU

Vi–CELL XR

Cell type

Mammalian

CHO

Minimum Diameter (µm)

Maximum Diameter (µm)

Images

100

Cell sharpness

100

Minimum circularity

0.1

Decluster degree

Medium

Low

Aspiration cycles

Viable spot brightness (%)

Viable spot area (%)

Mixing Cycles

Characterized by Ingenuity | 3

The Vi–CELL BLU instruments matched the values of the Vi–CELL XR systems within statistical limits. Taking the average of the two systems populations cell concentration, viability and diameter match within the target limit of +/–5%. No further refinement appears necessary in this case as the default mammalian cell type works very well here.

Concentration +/–5%

Viability +/–2.5%

Average diam. +/–5%

Vi–CELL XR Average

2.05

92.46

16.23

Vi–CELL BLU Average

2.02

93.51

16.52

Difference from XR Average

–1.66%

1.14%

1.79%

HELA Cells HELA is a widely used cell type for cell biology research but unlike CHO and Jurkat cells HELAs are grown attached to a solid substrate and require trypsinization to release them into suspension. As such they can be prone to more clustering than suspension cells. They also have a different size distribution compared to CHO cells. To evaluate the default mammalian cell profile against another mammalian cell line HELAs were grown in flasks and then released and suspended at a concentration of approximately 6M/mL. The cells were run on 3 Vi–CELL BLU and 2 Vi–CELL XR systems using the same default profiles as outlined above. The averages for the systems were used for the matching exercise. The goal is to match the systems within +/–5% (10% range) for concentration and diameter and within +/–2.5% (5% range) for viability. This degree of tolerance was chosen as it falls within the performance criteria for the Vi–CELL BLU instrument. Users can determine their own degree of matching but these general guidelines will typically put the measured values within statistically acceptable limits.

Vi–CELL BLU

Vi–CELL XR

Cell type

Mammalian

CHO

Minimum Diameter (µm)

Maximum Diameter (µm)

Images

100

Cell sharpness

100

Minimum circularity

0.1

Decluster degree

Medium

Low

Aspiration cycles

Viable spot brightness (%)

Viable spot area (%)

Mixing Cycles

In addition to the default a combination of different variants of cell profiles was used to reanalyze the data to define a range of settings based on the default mammalian profile to determine if a more precise match between the Vi–CELL BLU and Vi–CELL XR could be found. These are summarized below.

Characterized by Ingenuity | 4

Cell type

MT01 MT02 MT03 MT04 MT05 MT06 MT07 MT08 MT09 MT10

Min Diameter (µm)

Max Diameter (µm)

Images

100

Cell sharpness

Minimum circularity

0.1

Decluster degree

High

Low Low Low Low Low None

Aspiration cycles

Viable spot brightness (%)

Viable spot area (%)

Mixing cycles

The table below shows the percentage difference between the Vi–CELL BLU values for the different cell profiles used compared to the Vi–CELL XR.

Concentration +/– 5%

Viability +/–2.5%

Average diam. +/–5%

Cell Profile

Mammalian

–0.01%

2.73%

–2.53%

MT01

4.82%

9.84%

–2.84%

MT02

5.00%

9.52%

–1.85%

MT03

4.34%

–7.42%

–2.46%

MT04

2.23%

–7.63%

–1.58%

MT05

5.35%

9.54%

–1.08%

MT06

5.92%

9.82%

–0.08%

MT07

5.26%

–6.30%

–0.68%

MT08

6.40%

–7.31%

0.25%

MT09

2.32%

–1.81%

–3.19%

MT10

–13.43%

–3.04%

–1.67%

Characterized by Ingenuity | 5

From the table above we can see that the default Mammalian profile provided a good match for Concentration, viability and average diameter. However Cell Profile MT09 appears to be a stronger cell type candidate as its results are a closer match for all 3 parameters Further refinement of the MT09 profile could be applied if a closer match was desired. Altering the cell profile as show below improves the match for Viability and Diameter even further.

Cell type

MT09

MT09*

Min Diameter (µm)

Max Diameter (µm)

Images

100

Cell sharpness

Minimum circularity

0.1

Decluster degree

Low

Aspiration cycles

Viable spot brightness (%)

Viable spot area (%)

Mixing cycles

Concentration +/– 5%

Viability +/–2.5%

Average diam. +/–5%

Cell Profile

MT09

2.32%

–1.81%

–3.19%

MT09*

2.58%

–1.25%

–1.71%

Conclusion To match values between a Vi–CELL XR and Vi–CELL BLU the recommendation is to start with the most appropriate default Cell Profile in the Vi–CELL BLU software for the cell type being sampled. Only if the result deviates more than the desired value (5% or 10% for example) should further fine tuning be necessary.

APPLICATION NOTE

Evaluation of Instrument to Instrument Performance of the Vi–CELL BLU Cell Viability Analyzer

Beckman Coulter Life Sciences is proud to introduce our new Vi-CELL BLU Cell Viability Analyzer. The Vi-CELL BLU leverages the key performance features of the Vi-CELL XR but incorporates many design improvements that our customers have requested over the years. While a seemingly straightforward application, automated cell counting performance can be influenced by a variety of conditions and variables arising from both the sample and instrument. It is therefore important to ensure that the instrument is performing within specifications so that any instrument variability can be eliminated from the sample measurements. However, this becomes more complicated when multiple instruments may be in operation within a department as instrument to instrument variability is possible. One of the key strengths of the Vi–CELL BLU is the ability to fine tune the performance to minimize variability between different instruments. This is particularly valuable in facilities that utilize multiple instruments but can also be important when instruments are occasionally shared between departments. Due to the primary use of the Vi–CELL instruments being within regulated and GMP manufacturing environments, it is critical that the new Vi–CELL BLU provide acceptable instrument to instrument performance. The following information and data serves to illustrate that the Vi–CELL BLU has improved instrument to instrument variability by comparing several instruments using a series of standard test samples.

Figure 1. New Vi–CELL BLU Cell Viability Analyzer

Characterized by Ingenuity | 1

Bead and Cell Counting Data Comparisons Sample materials utilized 6602796 (lot 9747455F) Coulter CC L10 Standard, nominal 10 μm, Latex Particle (NIST Traceable), 1 x 15 mL

Cell Type Profile: BCI L10 Beads Instrument Settings for Bead Analysis Cell Type Profile

BCI L10 Beads

Minimum Diameter (µm)

Maximum Diameter (µm)

Images

100

Cell sharpness

Minimum circularity

0.5

Decluster degree

Medium

Aspiration cycles

Viable spot brightness (%)

Viable spot area (%)

Mixing cycles

Data were recorded as averages of 24 samples for each dilution on a 96 well plate. Data were recorded as an average of 20 runs per sample and reported as the average ± standard deviation of the results. Instrument settings are given below. Control Bead Results Sample Type: L10 Size Beads Control (3 instruments with replicate plates)

Average Concentration (x10^6) beads/mL

% CV of Total (x10^6) beads/mL

Average Bead count

% CV of Bead count

Average Diameter ( μ m)

% CV of Diameter

# Samples

Instrument Dilutions

100%

5501

3.45%

2.08

3.03%

10.40

0.16%

50%

2881

3.32%

2.17

3.31%

10.41

0.18%

25%

1468

2.83%

2.21

2.85%

10.42

0.24%

303

4.54%

2.28

4.59%

10.43

0.55%

100%

5666

4.18%

2.12

4.18%

10.31

0.13%

50%

3011

1.83%

2.25

1.88%

10.32

0.16%

25%

1501

2.70%

2.25

2.64%

10.33

0.18%

316

6.35%

2.37

6.32%

10.34

0.50%

100%

5906

2.97%

2.13

2.98%

10.37

0.14%

50%

3054

3.08%

2.21

2.76%

10.39

0.12%

25%

1515

2.33%

2.19

2.27%

10.38

0.26%

314

6.60%

2.27

6.52%

10.40

0.52%

Characterized by Ingenuity | 2

Bead counts for4 dilutions of L10 cells for3 instruments (A, B, C) 24 samples perdilution

7000

R = 0.9989

6000

5000

4000

3000 Bead Counts

2000

1000

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Dilution %

Figure 2

Cell Counting Analysis In addition to bead standards the instruments were compared using a variety of standard cultured cells. The cells were prepared following dilution guidelines outlined by NIST (Evaluating the quality of a cell counting measurement process via a dilution series experimental design. Sarkar, Sumona et al. (2017) Cytotherapy , Volume 19, Issue 12, 1509 – 1521). Some cell were run without dilution data analyzed using standard protocols for the cell type. Cell type parameters for the protocols are given below.

Instrument Settings for Cell Culture Analysis Cell type

Mammalian

Minimum Diameter (µm)

Maximum Diameter (µm)

Images

100

Cell sharpness

Minimum circularity

0.1

Decluster degree

Medium

Aspiration cycles

Viable spot brightness (%)

Viable spot area (%)

Mixing cycles

Characterized by Ingenuity | 3

Cell Count Results A dilution protocol of 8 serial dilutions of CHO cells was established to test cell counting performance over different concentration ranges. The lower range concentrations were 3 replicate plates were run on 3 Vi-CELL BLU instruments. Higher concentration ranges were run as 3 sets of replicate samples of 10 tubes per dilution using the carousel due to limited sample availability.

Dilution

Nominal Concentration (x10^6) cells/mL

100%

5.50

80%

4.40

60%

3.30

50%

2.75

40%

2.20

30%

1.65

20%

1.10

10%

0.55

Average of Concentration (x10^6 cells/mL

%CV of Total (x10^6) cells/mL

Average of Viability (%)

Average of Cell count

%CV of Viability (%)

%CV of Cell count

# Samples

Instrument Dilutions (n=12)

100%

14524

2.51%

5.47

2.50%

63.97

1.69%

80%

11099

2.79%

4.18

2.78%

64.77

0.70%

60%

8528

4.15%

3.21

4.10%

64.39

1.28%

50%

6848

2.81%

2.58

2.72%

64.33

1.20%

B01

40%

5795

9.84%

2.18

9.83%

61.93

2.22%

30%

3960

2.93%

1.49

2.82%

62.07

1.33%

20%

2617

4.71%

0.99

4.63%

60.88

2.10%

10%

1185

4.25%

0.45

4.14%

58.41

3.49%

100%

14736

3.44%

5.52

3.43%

65.81

1.17%

80%

11535

3.62%

4.32

3.60%

64.58

0.79%

60%

8479

2.27%

3.17

2.27%

65.79

1.15%

50%

7087

3.94%

2.65

3.92%

64.50

1.36%

B02

40%

5547

3.31%

2.08

3.32%

62.36

1.22%

30%

4234

7.24%

1.59

7.19%

64.33

1.68%

20%

2820

6.27%

1.06

6.33%

61.88

1.87%

10%

1250

6.55%

0.47

6.42%

58.28

3.70%

100%

14999

2.24%

5.42

2.34%

65.50

1.16%

80%

11834

2.39%

4.27

2.40%

64.80

0.94%

60%

8776

1.91%

3.17

1.88%

65.51

0.91%

50%

7281

2.78%

2.63

2.79%

64.40

1.48%

B03

40%

5658

3.12%

2.04

3.11%

61.48

1.13%

30%

4138

4.71%

1.49

4.74%

62.58

2.08%

20%

2644

4.10%

0.96

3.93%

60.79

1.91%

10%

1237

4.25%

0.45

4.14%

58.36

3.81%

Characterized by Ingenuity | 4

Cell Concentrationsfor 7 serial dilutionsof CHO cells ~2.6M-13M Range. 10 samples per dilution

Cell Concentrations for 8 serial dilutions of CHO cells 3 replicate plates, 12 samples per dilution

6.00

14.00

R²=0.9988

B01 B02 B03 AverageofSystems Linear (Averageof Systems)

R²=0.9996

B01

12.00

B02

5.00

B03

AverageofSystems

10.00

Linear (Averageof Systems)

4.00

8.00

3.00

6.00

Concentration (M/mL)

Cell Concentration (M/mL)

2.00

4.00

1.00

2.00

0.00

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

10%

20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Dilution (%)

Dilution%

Figure 3

Figure 4

Additional sample plates were run using a smaller range of dilutions to confirm the performance of the instruments for both plate and carousel. Plate runs were repeated 3 times within a 16 hr period using the same stock supply of cells run on the same instrument. During this period cell population increase is considered minimal and the source material for analysis effectively the same. Three plates were run in triplicate on 3 different Vi–CELL BLU instruments (9 plates total, n = 864 samples). The data below shows the 3 runs from one instrument. The data collected from these runs was subjected to an ANOVA analysis to determine the degree of variability between the runs and within each run across sample replicates. The results show no statistical significance (p value >90) between all runs, across all instruments. The data is presented as the average cell concentrations and viability for all concentrations.

Dilution

Nominal Concentration (x10^6) cells/mL

100%

50%

25%

0.5

10%

0.2

Average of Concentration (x10^6) cells/mL

%CV of Total (x10^6) cells/mL

Average of Viability (%)

%CV of Viability (%)

Instrument

Plate

1.86

1.52%

92.40

0.004%

1.71

1.11%

88.70

0.012%

1.81

1.41%

85.57

0.038%

1.85

0.78%

92.54

0.008%

1.72

0.86%

89.39

0.007%

1.82

1.06%

85.64

0.014%

1.87

1.87%

92.40

0.010%

1.67

1.98%

88.39

0.011%

1.69

2.04%

85.53

0.019%

Characterized by Ingenuity | 5

The charts below shows the averages from each instrument for each dilution across all 3 replicates.

Cell Viability Averages for 3 instruments for 3 replicateplate runs (96 samples each)

Cell Concentration averages for 3 instruments for 3 replicateplate runs (96 samples each)

100.00

2.50

B01 B02 B03

90.00

80.00

2.00

70.00

60.00

1.50

50.00

40.00 Viability (%)

1.00

Cell Concentration (M/mL)

30.00

20.00

0.50

10.00

0.00

Replicateplates

Figure 5

Figure 6

Results The counting performance of the Vi–CELL BLU shows excellent linearity over several dilutions. As expected cell counts below 0.5M cells per mL do show a higher variability due to low overall numbers of cells per image frame. Even so the variability remains within allowable limits (10%) for instrument performance. When using standard L10 size beads the variability in counts is significantly lower due to the more uniform nature of the sample material. Replicate samples across 3 instruments consistently show no statistical difference between the replicates of equivalent samples indicating the instruments are performing equivalently with the samples provided.

For Beckman Coulter’s worldwide office locations and phone numbers, please visit Contact Us at beckman.com PART-5059APP03.19

APPLICATION NOTE

Cell Counting Performance of Vi–CELL BLU Cell Viability Analyzer

Beckman Coulter Life Sciences is proud to introduce our new Vi–CELL BLU Cell Viability Analyzer. The Vi–CELL BLU leverages the key performance features of the Vi–CELL XR but incorporates many design improvements that our customers have requested over the years. While a seemingly straightforward application, automated cell counting can be influenced by a variety of conditions and variables arising from both the sample and instrument. It is therefore important to ensure that the instrument is performing within specifications so that any instrument variability can be eliminated from the sample measurements. To determine the cell counting performance of the Vi–CELL BLU we adapted the protocol outline by NIST (Evaluating the quality of a cell counting measurement process via a dilution series experimental design. Sarkar, Sumona et al. (2017) Cytotherapy, Volume 19, Issue 12 1509 – 1521). By utilizing a dilution series one can assess instrument performance by determining the proportional cell count across the dilutions and replicate samples. In addition to using cells we also evaluated the system using standardized beads that can be used for concentration, viability and size calibration and as cell independent samples for assessing instrument performance.

Figure 1. New Vi–CELL BLU Cell Viability Analyzer

Characterized by Ingenuity | 1

Bead and Cell Counting Data Comparisons Sample materials utilized. 6602796 (lot 9747455F) Coulter CC L10 Standard, nominal 10 μm, Latex Particle (NIST Traceable), 1 x 15 mL

Cell Type Profile: BCI L10 Beads Instrument Settings for Bead Analysis Cell Type Profile

BCI L10 Beads

Minimum Diameter (µm)

Maximum Diameter (µm)

Images

100

Cell sharpness

Minimum circularity

0.5

Decluster degree

Medium

Aspiration cycles

Viable spot brightness (%)

Viable spot area (%)

Mixing cycles

Data were recorded as averages of 72 samples for each dilution from 3 replicate 96 well plates.

Control Bead Results Sample Type: L10 Size Beads Control (3 instruments with replicate plates)

Bead counts for 4 dilutions of L10 cells 72 samples per dilution

7000

R = 0.9994

6000

5000

4000

3000 Bead Counts

2000

1000

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90% 100%

Dilution %

Figure 2. L10 Bead Counting Dilution Series Results

Characterized by Ingenuity | 2

Cell Counting Analysis Instrument performance for cell counting was determined using standard cultured CHO cells. The cells were prepared following dilution guidelines outlined by NIST illustrated below and data analyzed using standard mammalian cell type. Cell type parameters for the protocols are given below.

Instrument Settings for Cell Culture Analysis Cell type

Mammalian

Minimum Diameter (µm)

Maximum Diameter (µm)

Images

100

Cell sharpness

Minimum circularity

0.1

Decluster degree

Medium

Aspiration cycles

Viable spot brightness (%)

Viable spot area (%)

Mixing cycles

Cell Count Results A dilution protocol of 8 serial dilutions of CHO cells was established to test cell counting performance over different concentration ranges. The lower range concentrations were 9 replicate plates were run on 3 Vi–CELL BLU instruments (3 plates per instrument). Higher concentration ranges were run as 3 sets of replicate samples of 10 tubes per dilution using the carousel due to limited sample availability.

Nominal Concentration (x10^6) cells/mL

Dilution

Low–Mid Range

Mid–High Range

100%

5.50

80%

4.40

10M

60%

3.30

50%

2.75

6.5M

40%

2.20

5.2M

30%

1.65

3.9M

20%

1.10

2.6M

10%

0.55

–

Characterized by Ingenuity | 3

Results

Cell Concentrations for 8 serial dilutions of CHO cells Low Concentration ~0.5M -5M Range. 36 samples per dilution

6.00

R = 0.9996

5.00

4.00

3.00

Cell Concentration (M/mL)

2.00

1.00

0.00

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Dilution %

Figure 3. CHO Cells Low Concentration Range Dilution Series Data

Cell Concentrations for 7 serial dilutions of CHO cells High Concentration ~2.6M-13M Range. 30 samples per dilution

14.00

R = 0.9988

12.00

10.00

8.00

6.00

Cell Concentration (M/mL)

4.00

2.00

0.00

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Dilution (%)

Figure 4. CHO Cells High Concentration Range Data

Additional sample plates were run using a smaller range of dilutions to confirm the performance of the instruments. These were repeated 3 times within a 16 hour period using the same stock supply of cells run on the same instrument. During this period cell population increase is considered minimal and the source material for analysis effectively the same.

Characterized by Ingenuity | 4

Three plates were run in triplicate on 3 different Vi–CELL BLU instruments (9 plates total, n=864 samples). The data below shows the average of 216 samples for each dilution. The data collected from these runs was subjected to an ANOVA analysis to determine the degree of variability between the runs and within each run across sample replicates. The results show no statistical significance (p value >90) between all runs, across all instruments.

Dilution

Nominal Concentration (x10^6) cells/mL

100%

50%

25%

0.5

10%

0.2

Cell Counts for 4 serial dilutions of CHO cells ~0.2 -2M Range. 216 samples per dilution

6000

R = 0.9945

5000

4000

3000

Cell Counts

2000

1000

100%

Dilution (%)

Figure 5. Dilution Series of CHO Cells, Multiple Replicates

Conclusions The counting performance of the Vi–CELL BLU shows excellent linearity over several dilutions covering a range of 0.5M–15 million cells per mL. As expected cell counts below 0.5M cells per mL do show a higher variability due to low overall numbers of cells per image frame. Even so the variability remains within allowable limits (10%) for instrument performance. When using standard L10 size beads the variability in counts is significantly lower due to the more uniform nature of the sample material. Utilizing the recommended NIST protocol, the proportional dilution acts as an internal control for cell count ensuring that instrument is counting accurately across different cell concentration ranges. Correlation of the counts and concentration across dilutions has an R 2 value of >0.99 showing a consistent counting performance across dilutions. It should be noted that the large number of samples it is possible to run on the Vi–CELL BLU also allows for increased confidence in the cell counts and for easier identification of anomalous results.

For Beckman Coulter’s worldwide office locations and phone numbers, please visit Contact Us at beckman.com PART-5060APP03.19

APPLICATION NOTE

Considerations of Cell Counting Analysis when using Different Types of Cells

Beckman Coulter Life Sciences is proud to introduce our new Vi-CELL BLU Cell Viability Analyzer. The Vi-CELL BLU leverages the key performance features of the Vi-CELL XR but incorporates many design improvements that our customers have requested over the years. While a seemingly straightforward application, automated cell counting can be influenced by a variety of conditions and variables arising from both the sample and instrument. With the new Vi-CELL BLU we have introduced the capability to load 96 samples into a standard plate and run this as a single experiment. However this requires approximately 3 hours to run the entire plate with may not be ideal, particularly for cell types that generally have low viability or are prone deterioration once outside the incubator or bioreactor. The plate loader also allows us to assess multiple different experimental conditions in a single run thus providing the opportunity to evaluate a range of conditions or criteria. To demonstrate these capabilities we reviewed several different cell types and cell preparation approaches using standard cells.

Figure 1. Vi-CELL BLU Cell Viability Analyzer

Cell Counting Analysis Cells cultures of CHO (Chinese Hamster Ovary), EL4 (Mouse T Lymphocyte Cell Line), SF9 (ovarian tissue from Spodoptera frugiperda ) insect cells and of HELA cells were used to assess the effects of long analysis durations and different sample preparation conditions on different types of cells. CHO Cell Sample Preparation Impact Centrifugation and resuspension are routine methods for washing and concentrating cells ahead of reseeding or use in other experiments. CHO cells are generally considered to quite durable, but they do have very particular growth requirements and require specialized media for best health. In the experiment below the cells were centrifuged at 1000 g for 5 minutes, a relatively mild spin before being resuspended in media or buffer to assess the impact, if any, of cell preparation on cell health.

Characterized by Ingenuity | 1

Results

Concentration (M/mL)

Viability (%)

Diameter (µm)

Treatment

Untreated

4.83

94.30

16.12

1 Spin, resuspend in media

5.05

94.48

16.17

1 Spin resuspend in PBS

4.70

65.69

14.17

2 Spin resuspend in PBS

4.45

53.77

13.99

The results show that centrifugation and resuspension in recommended media has no appreciable impact on the CHO cells. However resuspension in PBS buffer results in a drastic loss of viability and significant reduction in average cell diameter. There is also some minor reduction in cell concentration which may be expected from losses during resuspension. Spinning and resuspending a second time in PBS has a further negative impact on cell viability and cell size.

ImpactofSample Prepara�onMethodonCHOCell Concentra�on

ImpactofSample Prepara�onMethodonCHOViabilityandDiameter

CellViability

Averagediameter (µm)

6.00

100.00

16.50

90.00

5.00

16.00

80.00

15.50

4.00

70.00

15.00

60.00

3.00

50.00

14.50

40.00 Viability (%)

14.00

AverageDiameter (µm)

CellConcentra�on (M/mL)

2.00

30.00

13.50

20.00

1.00

13.00

10.00

0.00

12.50

Untreated

1 Spin,resuspend inmedia

1 Spin resuspend inPBS

2 Spin resuspend inPBS

Untreated

1 Spin,resuspend inmedia

1 Spin resuspend inPBS

2 Spin resuspend inPBS

Treatment

Figure 2. Impact of sample preparation method on CHO cells

EL4 Cells Mixing Cycle Analysis EL4 cells are generally considered to be fragile and even under ideal conditions grow slowly and show viability <70%. EL4 cells were prepared and dispensed into a 96 well plate. Cell type profiles were created using the standard mammalian cell profile as source and differing levels of mixing cycles. The goal was to assess the impact, if any, of increased agitation on a cell type known to be easily damaged by vortex mixing and centrifugation.

Results The results for the EL4 cells are given below.

Mix Cycles

Cell Count

Viable Cell Count

Concentration (M/mL)

Viability (%)

Diameter (µm)

4648

2837

1.72

61.06

11.34

4637

2715

1.72

58.54

11.34

4660

2582

1.73

55.69

11.34

4660

2448

1.73

52.53

11.32

Characterized by Ingenuity | 2

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