Chapter30 Aorta

792

Section V: Cardiac Radiology

A

B

Figure 30.58.  Aortic Occlusion due to Tumor Embolization in a 34-Year-Old Man. Image from a direct catheter angiography shows abrupt occlusion of the infrarenal abdominal aorta ( yellow arrow , A ). A tumor embolus was removed. Axial CT image from a contrast-enhanced CT of the chest shows a large left atrial myxoma ( yellow arrow , B ).

congenital, infectious, autoimmune/inflammatory, neoplas- tic, and iatrogenic etiologies. CTA and MRI have become the primary diagnostic modalities to assess the aorta, although knowledge of radiographic findings is important, as they are often the first imaging performed and can appropriately triage patients. It is imperative that the radiologist understands the imaging appearances of these numerous aortic variants and pathology to ensure appropriate patient care. Agarwal PP, Chughtai A, Matzinger FR, Kazerooni EA. Multidetector CT of thoracic aortic aneurysms. Radiographics 2009;29(2):537–552. Akashi H, Kawamoto S, Saiki Y, et al. Therapeutic strategy for treating aor- toesophageal fistulas. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014;62(10):573–580. Amarenco P, Cohen A, Tzourio C, et al. Atherosclerotic disease of the aortic arch and the risk of ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 1994;331(22):1474–1479. Backer CL, Ilbawi MN, Idriss FS, DeLeon SY. Vascular anomalies causing tra- cheoesophageal compression. Review of experience in children. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1989;97(5):725–731. Bennett CJ, Maleszewski JJ, Araoz PA. CT and MR imaging of the aortic valve: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics 2012;32(5):1399–1420. Bortone AS, De Cillis E, D’Agostino D, Schinosa Lde L. Stent graft treatment of thoracic aortic disease. Surg Technol Int 2004;12:189–193. Bricker AO, Avutu B, Mohammed TL, et al. Valsalva sinus aneurysms: findings at CT and MR imaging. Radiographics 2010;30(1):99–110. Brown ML, Burkhart HM, Connolly HM, et al. Coarctation of the aorta: life- long surveillance is mandatory following surgical repair. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;62(11):1020–1025. Bryant R 3rd, Wallen W, Rizwan R, Morales DL. Modified aortic uncrossing procedure: a novel approach for Norwood palliation of complex univen- tricular congenital heart disease with a circumflex aorta. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 2017;8(4):507–510. de BALSAC R. Left aortic arch (posterior or circumflex type) with right descending aorta. Am J Cardiol 1960;5:546–550. de Lutio di Castelguidone E, Merola S, Pinto A, Raissaki M, Gagliardi N, Romano L. Esophageal injuries: spectrum of multidetector row CT findings. Eur J Radiol 2006;59(3):344–348. Eggebrecht H, Mehta RH, Dechene A, et al. Aortoesophageal fistula after tho- racic aortic stent-graft placement: a rare but catastrophic complication of a novel emerging technique. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2009;2(6):570–576. Falk E. Why do plaques rupture? Circulation 1992;86(6 Suppl):III30–III42. Fatima J, Duncan AA, Maleszewski JJ, et al. Primary angiosarcoma of the aorta, great vessels, and the heart. J Vasc Surg 2013;57(3):756–764. Suggested Readings

Fernandes SM, Sanders SP, Khairy P, et al. Morphology of bicuspid aortic valve in children and adolescents. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;44(8):1648–1651. Freeman LA, Young PM, Foley TA, Williamson EE, Bruce CJ, Greason KL. CT and MRI assessment of the aortic root and ascending aorta. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2013;200(6):W581–W592. Gomibuchi T, Seto T, Yamamoto T, et al. Surgical repair of cervical aortic arch with brain circulation anomaly through clamshell incision. Ann Thorac Surg 2017;104(3):e235–e237. Goodman PC, Jeffrey RB, Minagi H, Federle MP, Thomas AN. Angiographic eval- uation of the ductus diverticulum. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 1982;5(1):1–4. Ha HI, Seo JB, Lee SH, et al. Imaging of Marfan syndrome: multisystemic man- ifestations. Radiographics 2007;27(4):989–1004. Hanneman K, Newman B, Chan F. Congenital variants and anomalies of the aortic arch. Radiographics 2017;37(1):32–51. Hartlage GR, Palios J, Barron BJ, et al. Multimodality imaging of aortitis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2014;7(6):605–619. Hata M, Hata H, Sezai A, Yoshitake I, Wakui S, Shiono M. Optimal treat- ment strategy for type A acute aortic dissection with intramural hematoma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014;147(1):307–311. Heinemann MK, Buehner B, Jurmann MJ, Borst HG. Use of the “elephant trunk technique” in aortic surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 1995;60(1):2–6; discussion 7. Hermann DM, Lehmann N, Gronewold J, et al; Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study Investigative Group. Thoracic aortic calcification is associated with incident stroke in the general population in addition to established risk factors. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015;16(6):684–690. Hiratzka LF, Bakris GL, Beckman JA, et al; American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. 2010 ACCF/AHA/AATS/ACR/ASA/SCA/SCAI/SIR/STS/SVM guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with thoracic aortic disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American College of Radiology, American Stroke Association, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of Thoracic Surgeons, and Society for Vascular Medicine. Circulation 2010;121(13):e266–e369. Hoang JK, Martinez S, Hurwitz LM. MDCT angiography after open thoracic aor- tic surgery: pearls and pitfalls. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2009;192(1):W20–W27. Holloway BJ, Rosewarne D, Jones RG. Imaging of thoracic aortic disease. Br J Radiol 2011;84 Spec No 3:S338–S354. Isner JM, Donaldson RF, Fulton D, Bhan I, Payne DD, Cleveland RJ. Cystic medial necrosis in coarctation of the aorta: a potential factor contributing to adverse consequences observed after percutaneous balloon angioplasty of coarctation sites. Circulation 1987;75(4):689–695. Isselbacher EM. Thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms. Circulation 2005; 111(6):816–828. Jakanani GC, Adair W. Frequency of variations in aortic arch anatomy depicted on multidetector CT. Clin Radiol 2010;65(6):481–487.