New-Tech Europe Magazine | June 2019

June 2019

16 UARTs Ensure Reliable Long-Haul Industrial Communications Over RS-232, RS-422, and RS-485 Interfaces 22 Sophistication of Satellite Communication Infrastructure Offering Strong Impetus to Defence Communication System Sales 24 Silent Switcher Devices Are Quiet and Simple 30 Bosch technology teaches cars to fly

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June 2019

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8 l New-Tech Magazine Europe

Contents

14 LATEST NEWS

16

UARTs Ensure Reliable Long-Haul Industrial Communications Over RS-232, RS-422, and RS-485 Interfaces Sophistication of Satellite Communication Infrastructure Offering Strong Impetus to Defence Communication System Sales

16

22

24 Silent Switcher Devices Are Quiet and Simple 30 Bosch technology teaches cars to fly

22

32 OUT OF THE BOX 34 NEW PRODUCTS 42 INDEX

24

30

www. new- t echeurope . com

New-Tech Magazine Europe l 9

Latest News

AMD and Samsung Announce Strategic Partnership in Ultra Low Power, High Performance Graphics Technologies

AMD and Samsung Electronics announced a multi-year

Business. “We look forward to working with AMD to accelerate innovations in mobile graphics technologies that will help take future mobile computing to the next level.” “Adoption of our Radeon graphics technologies across the PC, game console, cloud and HPC markets has grown significantly and we are thrilled

strategic partnership in ultra low power, high performance mobile graphics IP based on AMD Radeon graphics technologies. As part of the partnership, Samsung will license AMD graphics IP and will focus on advanced graphics technologies and solutions that are critical for enhancing innovation across mobile applications, including smartphones. “As we prepare for disruptive changes in technology and discover new opportunities, our partnership with AMD will allow us to bring groundbreaking graphics products and solutions to market for tomorrow’s mobile applications,” said Inyup Kang, president of Samsung Electronics’ S.LSI Habana Labs, Ltd. (www.habana.ai), a leading developer of AI processors, announced the Habana Gaudi™ AI Training Processor. Training systems based on Gaudi processors will deliver an increase in throughput of up to four times over systems built with equivalent number GPUs. Gaudi’s innovative architecture enables near-linear scaling of training systems performance, as high throughput is maintained even at smaller batch sizes, thus allowing performance scaling of Gaudi-based systems from a single- device to large systems built with hundreds of Gaudi processors. In addition to record-breaking performance, Gaudi brings another industry first to AI training: on-chip integration of RDMA over Converged Ethernet (RoCE v2) functionality within the AI processor, to enable the scaling of AI systems to any size, using standard Ethernet. With Gaudi, Habana Labs’ customers can now utilize standard Ethernet switching for both scaling-up and scaling-out AI training systems. Ethernet switches are multi-sourced, offering virtually unlimited scalability in speeds and port-count,

to now partner with industry leader Samsung to accelerate graphics innovation in the mobile market,” said Dr. Lisa Su, AMD president and CEO. “This strategic partnership will extend the reach of our high-performance Radeon graphics into the mobile market, significantly expanding the Radeon user base and development ecosystem.”

Habana Labs Announces Gaudi AI Training Processor

and are already used in datacenters to scale compute and storage systems. In contrast to Habana’s standards-based approach, GPU-based systems rely on proprietary system interfaces, that inherently limit scalability and choice for system designers. “With its new products, Habana has quickly extended from inference into training, covering the full range of neural-network functions,” commented Linley Gwennap, principal analyst of The Linley Group. “Gaudi offers strong performance and industry-leading power efficiency among AI training accelerators. As the first AI processor to integrate 100G Ethernet links with RoCE support, it enables large clusters of accelerators built using industry-standard components.” The Gaudi processor includes 32GB of HBM-2 memory and is currently offered in two forms: HL-200 – a PCIe card supporting eight ports of 100Gb Ethernet; HL-205 – a mezzanine card compliant with the OCP-OAM specification, supporting 10 ports of 100Gb Ethernet

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Latest News

of the AI Training processor landscape.” “Facebook is seeking to provide open platforms for innovation around which our industry can converge,” said Vijay Rao, Director of Technology, Strategy at Facebook. “We are pleased that the Habana Goya AI inference processor has

or 20 ports of 50Gb Ethernet. Habana is also introducing an 8-Gaudi system called HLS-1, which includes eight HL-205 Mezzanine cards, with PCIe connectors for external Host connectivity and 24 100Gbps Ethernet ports for connecting to off-the-shelf Ethernet switches, thus allowing scaling-up in a

implemented and open-sourced the backend for the Glow machine learning compiler and that the Habana Gaudi AI training processor is supporting the OCP Accelerator Module (OAM) specification.” The Gaudi Processor is fully programmable and customizable, incorporating a second- generation Tensor Processing Core (TPC™) cluster, along with development tools, libraries, and a compiler, that collectively deliver a comprehensive and flexible solution. Habana Labs’ SynapseAI™ software stack consists of a rich kernel library and open toolchain for customers to add proprietary kernels. Habana will be sampling the Gaudi to select customers in the second half of 2019. For more information on Gaudi AI Training and Goya AI inference processors, please visit www.habana.ai

standard 19’’ rack by populating multiple HLS-1 systems. Gaudi is the second purpose-built AI processor to be launched by Habana Labs in the past year, following the Habana Goya™ AI Inference Processor. Goya has been shipping since Q4, 2018, and has demonstrated industry- leading inference performance, with the industry’s highest throughput, highest power efficiency (images-per-second per Watt), and real-time latency. “Training AI models require exponentially higher compute every year, so it’s essential to address the urgent needs of the datacenter and cloud for radically improved productivity and scalability. With Gaudi’s innovative architecture, Habana delivers the industry’s highest performance while integrating standards-based Ethernet connectivity that enables unlimited scale,” said David Dahan, CEO and Co- founder of Habana Labs. “Gaudi will disrupt the status quo

GE names Michael Keroullé President & CEO of Steam Power

GE announced Michael Keroullé will become President & CEO of the $5 billion business on July 1,2019. Keroullé succeeds Andreas Lusch who will step down after a successful 32- year career in the industry as part of a thoughtfully planned transition process. Michael Keroullé was most recently Steam Power’s Chief

of the Environmental Control business in Europe and the Boiler business in India. His proven ability to deliver value to customers and deep industry experience position him well for the new role. Sacha Parneix, Regional Sales Leader for GE Steam Power MENAT, will take over Michael’s

previous role as Chief Commercial Officer. GE Steam Power provides technology, EPC capability and services for coal and nuclear power plants which combined deliver 50% of the world’s power today.

Commercial Officer and has been with the company for 19 years. During this time he held diverse leadership roles ranging from Project Director to the Managing Director

New-Tech Magazine Europe l 11

Latest News TowerJazz Expands its Leading-Edge High Voltage Low RDSON Power Platform

TowerJazz, the global specialty foundry leader, announced the release of its leading edge 140V low Rdson power platform, providing significant high power efficiency at high voltages. This advanced offering expands the Company’s 90V technology platform, specifically designed to address the increasing demand for cost-competitive, higher

With low layer count and use of bulk wafers, this platform is highly cost-effective, and therefore ideally suited for gate drivers, motor drivers, DC-DC converters and battery management ICs used for consumer and industrial products such as drones, robots, power and garden tools. “With this advanced platform expansion, we are particularly

voltage integrated power management solutions for the consumer, industrial, computer, and automotive markets. “We are excited to announce the availability of our unique 140V RESURF low Rdson platform, targeted toward the expanding 48V ecosystem, serving multitude of market segments with numerous strategic customers already in early design stages, planning to ramp up to mass production in 2020,” said Shimon Greenberg, Vice President of Power Management & Mixed- Signal/CMOS Business Unit, TowerJazz. TowerJazz’s 140V RESURF (Reduced Surface Field) technology is based on its mature high volume 0.18um power management platform and provides significant competitive features such as low-side and high-side low Rdson LDMOS, bootstrap diodes and floating capabilities, all with up to 140V breakdown voltages. With 5G deployments rapidly gathering momentum globally, Ericsson continues to lead the way with its service-provider- focused 5G platform through the launch of new software and hardware solutions to expand 5G deployment options. The new solutions extend network capacity and coverage, enabling smooth network evolution, and facilitating new consumer and industry use cases. While already supporting frontrunner service providers through the rollout of commercial 5G using non-standalone (NSA) 5G New Radio (NR), Ericsson has now introduced standalone NR software. In addition to extending deployment possibilities, 5G standalone NR software makes for a new network architecture, delivering key benefits such as ultra-low latency and even better coverage.

excited to serve the rapidly growing automotive electrification market,” said Dr. Amol Kalburge, head of the automotive program, TowerJazz. “We are already in volume production for battery management system for electrified vehicles using our current 140V DrainISO floating process. This new 140V RESURF platform provides all the features needed for our customers to improve even further the power efficiency of several best-in- class products and do so in an even smaller footprint.” In addition, this new platform addresses the 48V DC-DC converters in data centers and high voltage power over Ethernet ICs. It also supports a wide range of automotive applications such as motor controllers and drivers, LED headlights, eFuses and 48V power architecture in hybrid and electric vehicles. Ericsson is also evolving its cloud solution with an offering optimized for edge computing to meet user demand. This will enable service providers to offer new consumer and enterprise 5G services such as augmented reality and content distribution at low cost, low latency, and high accuracy. Fredrik Jejdling, Executive Vice President and Head of Business Area Networks, Ericsson, says: “We continue to focus our efforts on helping our customers succeed with 5G. These new solutions will allow them to follow the 5G evolution path that fits their ambitions in the simplest and most efficient way.” Meeting operator needs for smooth evolution with standalone and non-standalone 5G The new standalone 5G NR software can be installed on

Ericsson launches enhanced 5G deployment options

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Latest News

optimized for the network edge. A compact and highly efficient solution, Ericsson Edge NFVI is part of the end-to-end managed and orchestrated distributed cloud architecture, which makes it possible to distribute workloads, optimize the network and enable new services in the cloud. Certification program for

existing Ericsson Radio System hardware. Coupled

with Ericsson’s 5G dual-mode Cloud Core solutions, the new products are aimed at opening new business opportunities for service providers – especially having established an architecture that facilitates agility, provides advanced support for network slicing and enables the speedy creation of new services. Most operators will start with NSA and once the 5G coverage has been established, also deploy standalone. Low bands will play a key role in cost-efficiently extending the coverage provided by 5G deployments to date. Ericsson has also launched Inter-band NR Carrier Aggregation – a new software feature that extends the coverage and capacity of NR on mid- and high bands when combined with NR on low bands. This will improve speeds indoors and in areas with poor coverage. Two new Massive MIMO radios have also been added to the Ericsson Radio System mid-band portfolio, allowing service providers to build 5G with precision: AIR 1636 for wider coverage which provides optimized performance on longer inter- site distances; and AIR 1623 for easy site build with minimal total cost of ownership. Powerful edge solution for distributed cloud services 5G enables augmented reality, content distribution and gaming, and other applications that require low latency and high bandwidth to perform with accuracy. To help service providers meet these requirements and offer new consumer and enterprise services, Ericsson is evolving its cloud solution with the launch of Ericsson Edge NFVI (Network Functions Virtualization Infrastructure),

virtual network function-vendors Ericsson is also launching the Ericsson partner VNF Certification Service, a partner certification program for virtual network functions (VNF). The service is open to all VNF vendors and grants a certification on the Ericsson NFVI platform using Ericsson Labs. This will create an ecosystem with a shorter time- to-market for working with partners and applications. Industry Analyst Hugh Ujhazy, Vice President, IOT & Telecommunications at International Data Corporation (IDC), Asia Pacific, says: “Ericsson’s latest 5G offerings equip service providers with an even broader 5G portfolio by adding the Standalone NR option. The series of solutions being added to the Ericsson 5G platform will allow service providers to deploy 5G sensibly and address new business opportunities with full flexibility. What you get is faster, cheaper, makes better use of existing assets and with fewer truck rolls. That’s pretty cool.” Dana Cooperson, Research Director, Analysis Mason, says: “Improved E2E 4G/5G network architecture flexibility and new 5G use cases require distribution to the edge. To be successful in providing new services it is essential to have a cost-efficient platform for distributed workloads. Ericsson’s initiative with the Edge NFVI solution and distributed cloud architecture will contribute to service providers’ success in 5G.”

Lockheed Martin and Airbus reaffirm tanker partnership at 2019 Paris Air Show

of Lockheed Martin Aeronautics, and Dirk Hoke, CEO of Airbus Defence and Space. “Since signing our Memorandum of Agreement with Airbus last December, our teams have been working to expand our business relationship with a focus on providing the U.S. Air Force with the very best capability in aerial refueling,” said Michele Evans, Executive Vice President for Lockheed

With an agreement in place to explore U.S. military tanking opportunities, Airbus and Lockheed Martin senior executive leaders met for some “tanker talk” during the 2019 Paris Air Show. The Airbus A330 Multi Role Tanker Transport (A330 MRTT) provided the perfect backdrop for the meeting with (l to r) Alberto Gutierrez, Head of Military Aircraft, Airbus Defence and Space; Michele Evans, Executive Vice President

New-Tech Magazine Europe l 13

Latest News

near future. Our A330MRTT has been refueling U.S. military aircraft on combat missions since 2014, and together with Lockheed Martin’s proven record serving the U.S. Air Force we truly believe we can offer unbeatable capabilities.” “We have said it before and I can only repeat it – the A330MRTT is the most

Martin Aeronautics. “We believe with

Airbus’ and Lockheed Martin’s expertise in air refueling and innovative, combat-tested technologies such as low observability and networking operations, we make a powerful team to address the U.S. Air Force’s tanker needs today and into the future.”

successful and most capable tanker platform in the world. It has proven its versatility and capability time and again. It is a tremendous asset for any military, including the U.S.,” said Alberto Gutiérrez, Head of Military Aircraft at Airbus.

Dirk Hoke, CEO of Airbus Defence and Space, said: “The relationship with Lockheed Martin through this exciting project is growing day by day, and we’re looking forward to presenting our offer to the U.S. military in the

Autotalks and NoTraffic Cooperate to Improve Safety and Mobility by Delivering a Traffic Management Platform with Global V2X

Autotalks, a world leader in V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) communication solutions, is supplying its chipset to NoTraffic’s autonomous traffic management platform, which enables the delivery of infrastructure sensor information to vehicles through V2I (Vehicle-to- Infrastructure) communications. The integrated solution is capable of identifying a whole range of objects including vehicles, motorcycles, pedestrians and communicate this information using DSRC or C-V2X to oncoming vehicles. The vehicles will alert drivers and, in the future, automatically brake to avoid an accident in a time of danger. Autotalks and NoTraffic will be spotlighting their integrated solution at the 7th EcoMotion Main Event, a show exhibiting Israel’s smart transportation sector, being held at Pavilion 1 at EXPO Exhibition Grounds in Tel Aviv on June 11th, 2019. Smart infrastructure equipped with both line-of-sight sensors such as camera and radar and V2X for non-line- of-sight sensing enhance safety while optimizing mobility at the same time. NoTraffic’s platform can be deployed anywhere in the world, making city intersections safer and more efficient. The advantages include keeping vulnerable users such as pedestrians and cyclists safe, providing priority for emergency vehicles and public transportation, enabling

autonomous vehicles to safely traverse intersections and managing traffic in order to augment road capacity and enhance mobility. Autotalks’ deployment-ready, 2nd generation V2X chipset is the world’s first available solution which supports both DSRC based on 802.11p/ITS-G5 standards and C-V2X based on 3GPP release 14 and 15 specifications with embedded V2X cyber-security functionality. The chipset allows customers to easily toggle between DSRC and C-V2X communications. NoTraffic’s platform includes fusing various sensor data (camera, radar, V2X) at intersections working directly with a centralized system in the cloud to enhance traffic flow and road user safety. The integration of Autotalks’ V2X chipset enables NoTraffic to use vision sensors to improve V2X effectiveness. Hagai Zyss, CEO of Autotalks, said: “Our collaboration with NoTraffic is another demonstration of Autotalks’ ability to power new use-cases such as smart intersections, which bring value and enable the future of transportation. Projects equipping Road Side Units with V2X and cameras allow drivers and autonomous vehicles to get safety messages about dangers at intersections ahead of time as well as to optimizing the flow of traffic.”

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Latest News

aircraft,” said Roland Busch, CTO and COO of Siemens AG. “With Rolls-Royce, we’ve found a perfect home for this business and have placed its expertise in the hands of one of Airbus’ close partners. We will continue to cooperate with Rolls-Royce, in particular by making our digital solutions portfolio available in order to facilitate this major step toward sustainable, lower-emission aviation.” As an in-house startup with around 180 employees, Siemens eAircraft develops electric and hybrid-electric propulsion systems for the aerospace industry. At locations in Munich and Erlangen (Germany) and Budapest (Hungary), the unit has been cooperating with partners like Airbus to create prototypes for propulsion systems with power ratings ranging from less than one hundred to several thousand kilowatts – for instance for the Airbus air taxi, the CityAirbus. To further drive the technology, eAircraft entered a development partnership with Airbus in 2016. Siemens has been researching and developing electric aircraft propulsion systems for about ten years, setting several records along the way. while vehicles are getting increasingly more connected and autonomous, smart road infrastructure is still in its infancy. Our system is already deployed in a number of locations in the US, expanding to additional locations.” Visit Autotalks at booth 83 and NoTraffic at booth 18 at EcoMotion 2019.

Tal Kreisler, CEO of NoTraffic, said: “The

collaboration with Autotalks will allow us to accelerate the deployment of our platform. Establishing a communication channel between infrastructure and road users is crucial in order to make the roads safer and more efficient.

This significant milestone sets the basis for preparing the roads for connected and autonomous transportation:

Siemens sells electric aircraft-propulsion business to Rolls-Royce Agreement signed: Rolls- Royce to acquire eAircraft Sale to accelerate development of sustainable air transport

Rolls-Royce intends to become the leading supplier of electric and hybrid-electric propulsion systems for aircraft Siemens will continue to support the transition to electric aviation with its digital solutions portfolio Closing expected in late 2019

Siemens and Rolls-Royce signed an agreement at the International Paris Air Show in Le Bourget (France) for the sale of Siemens’ eAircraft unit. Through its Vision 2020+ company strategy, Siemens intends to sharpen its portfolio’s focus. For this reason, the company’s business with electric and hybrid-electric systems for aircraft will have substantially better growth perspectives with new owners closely connected to the aerospace industry. Closing is subject to the usual conditions and is expected to take place in late 2019. The partners have agreed not to disclose the financial details of the transaction. “Our eAircraft team, under the leadership of Frank Anton, has made aviation history several times in the past ten years and is a pioneer in electric and hybrid-electric systems for

New-Tech Magazine Europe l 15

UARTs Ensure Reliable Long-Haul Industrial Communications Over RS-232, RS-422, and RS-485 Interfaces Art Pini, Digi-Key

Industrial sensing and control poses many challenges for a communications bus. For example, cabling runs of hundreds or thousands of feet are common while the industrial environment itself is noted for often harsh operating conditions. Industrial equipment can be exposed to a wide range of temperatures, high electrical noise on both power supply and data lines, and fault events like electromagnetic interference (EMI), electrostatic discharge (ESD), or short circuits. The solution to these problems is to use a robust serial interface based on a universal asynchronous receiver/ transmitter (UART), also called an asynchronous communications element (ACE) by some suppliers. UARTs are available as standalone devices, such as the Texas Instruments TL16C752D, or may be within a microcontroller like the Microchip Technology PIC16F688T-I/SL.

With appropriate line drivers, a UART can work over long distances: from 15 meters (m) for the RS-232 serial data bus to 1000 m for RS-485 or RS-422 interfaces. All three of these protocols serve to provide control to remote machines and controllers in factory automation applications and are designed to minimize the effects of EMI and ESD in the harshest settings. This article will provide background on these commonly used industrial control interface protocols and show how they can be implemented using UARTs and line drivers. RS-232 The RS-232 serial communications standard is also known currently as EIA/TIA-232-F, which is an Electronic Industries Association/ Telecommunications Industries Association standard. The letter F indicates the latest revision. The standard is identical to the International

Telecommunications Union (ITU) standards V.24 and V.28. This interface was the original serial bus on personal computers. It was used originally to connect the computer—termed data terminal equipment (DTE)— to a modem, referred to as data communications equipment (DCE). EIA/TIA-232-F defines a physical layer standard, including signal levels and timing, control signals, connectors, and connector wiring. It does not define character encoding, framing, and other aspects of the protocol level. A typical asynchronous serial bus will include a UART or ACE, line drivers, connectors, and cables (Figure 1). The UART/ACE converts the internal parallel bus of the computer into a serial data stream. It also supplies the input and output first in first out (FIFO) memory buffering, an interface clock (generally referred to as a baud rate generator), and interface timing and handshaking signals. The UART/

16 l New-Tech Magazine Europe

ACE analog input and output may be buffered by a line driver. The output of the DTE is referred to as the transmitter signal (TX), while the input is called the received signal (RX). The interface cable is limited to a maximum length of 15 m. The length of the cable determines the maximum data rate that can be reliably used over the interface bus. The RS-232 interface connects two devices with a full duplex connection, meaning that each device can transmit and receive simultaneously. The RS- 232 serial data packet consists of a start bit, anywhere from 5 to 8 data bits, 1/1.5/2 stop bits, and a parity bit (Figure 2). The minimum cable requirement for RS-232 is for three wires: one for transmit, one for receive, and the signal ground. Ground is the return for both signal conductors. Many of the characteristics of RS-232 are tied to its original application in telecommunications. It uses negative logic with a high state, referred to as a space, and a low state being called a mark. The neutral or rest state is high so the interconnection can be verified remotely. At the transmitter side a 0 state, or space, is a voltage between +5 and +15 volts. The logical 1, or mark state, is a voltage between -5 and -15 volts. At the receiving end, a level of from 3 to 15 volts is a 0, and -3 to -15 volts represents a 1. The transfer is termed asynchronous because no clock signal is transmitted. RS-232 depends on both sides of the

Figure 1: A basic RS-232 system includes data terminal equipment (DTE) such as a computer, and data communications equipment (DCE) like a modem. A UART/ACE interfaces the parallel computer backplane with the serial RS-232 interface. (Image source: Texas Instruments)

RS-232 control signals RS-232 has a number of specified control signals. They report the status of the DTE and DCE devices as well as implement a hardware-based handshake to pace the transfer of data (Table 1). The hardware handshake is implemented using the Request to Send (RTS) and Clear to Send (CTS) flow control signals to ensure that both devices are ready to transfer data and that data has been received by the receiving device. Hardware

bus being set up for a specific clock or baud rate. Baud rate is a measure of the number of symbols transferred per second; for RS-232 it is approximately the clock rate. Common baud rates are 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200, 230400, 460800, and 921600 baud. The higher the clock rate the more limited the cable length. For example, at 9600 baud, the full 15 m maximum cable length can be used. At higher baud rates the maximum cable length will be reduced.

Figure 2: An RS-232 data packet consists of a start bit, 5 to 8 data bits (8 shown), a parity bit (optional), and 1, 1.5, or 2 stop bits. (Image source: Digi-Key Electronics)

New-Tech Magazine Europe l 17

Signal Name

Mnemonic Function

Turned on by the DTE when it is ready to transmit data. This line must be on before the DCE can turn on DSR.

Data Terminal Ready

DTR

Data Set Ready

DSR

Turned on by the DCE to indicate that the DCE is online.

Carrier Detect Ring Indicator Request To Send

DCD

Turned on by the DCE when it is receiving a carrier from a remote DCE.

RI

Turned on by the DCE when remote telephone line is ringing.

RTS

Turned on by the DTE when it is ready to send data.

Turned on by the DCE in response to a received RTS command. Held on until RTS is turned off and the last data bit is received.

Clear To Send

CTS

Receive data.

Receive Data Line

R

X

Transmit data.

Transmit Data Line

T

X

Table 1: The RS-232 control and handshake signals. (Table source: Digi-Key Electronics)

conversion and feeds both sections of the dual UART. Each section has independent control lines. The TL16C752D operates from supply voltages of from 1.8 volts to 5.5 volts over a temperature range of from -40°C to 85°C.

transmit FIFOs capable of data rates up to 3 megabits per second (Mbits/s) (Figure 3). Each section of the UART has its own software-controlled baud rate generator. The data bus interface performs the parallel-to-serial data

handshaking is implemented using the following actions: 1. The data terminal equipment pulls the RTS line down to the “1” or “Mark” state 2. The data communications equipment pulls the CTS line into the “1” or “Mark” state 3. The data terminal equipment pulls the Data Terminal Ready (DTR) line to the “1” or “Mark” state for the duration of the data transfer 4. At the end of the transfer the data terminal equipment restores the DTR and RTS lines to the “0” or “Space” state 5. The data communications equipment restores the CTS line to the “0” or “Space” state RS-232 can also use a software handshake to control data flow where the XON (ASCII DC1, hex 11) and XOFF (ASCII DC3, hex 13) characters, sent in the data stream, perform a similar synchronization of transferred data. UART functional block diagram The Texas Instruments TL16C752D is a dual UART with 64-byte receive and

Figure 3: The functional block diagram of the 3 Mbit/s Texas Instruments TL16C752D dual UART shows the 64-byte FIFOs and interface lines. (Image source: Texas Instruments)

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Microcontroller based UARTs Many microcontrollers, such as the Microchip Technology PIC16F688T-I/ SL, include serial data interfaces for communicating with monitors, external analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and digital-to-analog converters (DACs), or other microcontrollers (Figure 4). The EUSART, sometimes called a serial communications interface (SCI), can be configured as either a full-duplex asynchronous or a half- duplex synchronous serial data link. The EUSART in the PIC16F688T-I/SL contains all of the shift registers, clock generators, and data buffers necessary to perform an input or output serial data transfer independent of microcontroller program execution. It has a two-character receive buffer and a single-character transmit buffer. The full-duplex asynchronous interface is useful for communicating with external peripherals like a display monitor, which is the primary application for this interface in the microcontroller. Line drivers Line drivers augment the operation of UARTs by buffering the transmit and receive signals. They are useful because they operate over the full RS- 232 voltage level specification. One example of such a device is the Texas Instruments MAX232DR dual RS-232/ TIA/EIA-232-F transceiver (Figure 5). The MAX232DR line driver/receiver has advantages in industrial applications where higher voltages are required. It can sustain input voltages of up to ±30 volts. The device includes a capacitive voltage generator using four external capacitors to supply RS-232 voltage levels of -5 to -7 volts and +5 to +7 volts at the outputs from a single 5 volt supply. Differential signaling RS-232 uses single-ended connections for the transmit and receive line. With

Figure 4: The Microchip Technology PIC16F688T-I/SL CMOS microcontroller includes a serial interface using an enhanced universal synchronous/asynchronous receiver/transmitter (EUSART). (Image source: Microchip Technology)

Figure 5: Applying the MAX232DR dual driver/receiver to buffer a TL16C752D dual UART. The MAX232DR can tolerate input voltages up to ±30 volts, while outputs are protected against shorts to ground. (Image source: Texas Instruments)

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Standard

RS-232

RS-422 Differential

RS-485 Differential

Line configuration

Single ended

Half duplex (2 wire) Full duplex (4 wire)

Type of transfer

Full duplex

Full duplex

TX, RX, RTS, CTS, DTR, DSR, DCD, Ground

TXA, TXB, RXA, RXB, Ground Data A, Data B, Ground

Signals used

Bus topology

Point-to-point

Point-to-point

Multi-point

Maximum connected devices 1

10 (in receive mode)

32

Maximum length

15 meters at 9600 bits/s

1.2 km at 100 Kbits/s

1.2 km at 100 Kbits/s

Maximum data rate Receiver sensitivity

1 Mbit/s ±3 volts

10 Mbits/s

10 Mbits/s

±200 millivolts ±200 millivolts Table 2 : A comparison of the characteristics of the RS-232, RS-422, and RS-485 standards. (Table source: Digi-Key Electronics)

such single-ended connections, signal voltages are measured from the line to ground. In the industrial environment there is a lot of noise that gets picked up by the RS-232 signal lines, which limits the length of the bus runs. A classic way around this limitation is to use differential signaling. A differential bus consists of two wires for each signal, where signals are measured by taking the voltage difference between the two wires.

Since noise and crosstalk are generally common to both signal lines, the difference measurement subtracts these nearly identical signals, significantly reducing their amplitude. Additionally, differential cables are also shielded to further reduce noise and interference pickup. There are two common data bus standards that use differential signal lines: RS-422 (TIA/EIA-422) and RS-485 (TIA/EIA-485), with the

latter being the most commonly encountered industrial serial bus. These standards use twisted pair transmission lines where connected devices can be up to 1200 m (4000 feet) apart. Both standards have maximum data rates of up to 10 Mbits/s. A comparison of all three serial buses is shown (Table 2). RS-422 and RS-485 differ in that RS-485 can work with up to 32 transceivers (more can be added using bus extenders) while RS-422

Figure 6: The full duplex (left) and half duplex topologies of an RS-485 interface. The computer or master device is shown in red; other devices are in blue. (Image source: Texas Instruments)

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is limited to just 10 receivers on the bus. RS-485 in full duplex mode requires four wires compared to two for half-duplex operation and RS- 422 (Figure 6). The differential bus wiring uses two conductors for each transmit or receive signal line as shown in the figure. Full duplex operation requires four wires, while half duplex requires only two. Due to the higher speed of both RS-422 and RS-485, the transmission lines must be terminated at each end. For twisted pair, the termination resistors RT are 120 ohms (Ω). As might have been surmised by the dual UART configuration of the TL16C752D interface IC, it has an RS-485 mode. This is why many UARTs and related line drivers employ the dual configuration.

Voltage levels at the transmitter side for RS-422 are ±6 volts while those for RS-485 are -7 to +12 volts. At the receiver the sensitivity is ±200 millivolts (mV) for both standards. Conclusion The three serial interfaces RS-232, RS- 422, and RS-485 offer a range of choices for robust serial communications over both short and long distances. UARTs form the basis for all three standards and make it easy to add serial communications to designs, especially those for challenging industrial environments. bout this author Arthur (Art) Pini is a contributing author at Digi-Key Electronics. He has a Bachelor of Electrical Engineering degree from City College of New York

and a Master of Electrical Engineering degree from the City University of New York. He has over 50 years experience in electronics and has worked in key engineering and marketing roles at Teledyne LeCroy, Summation, Wavetek, and Nicolet Scientific. He has interests in measurement technology and extensive experience with oscilloscopes, spectrum analyzers, arbitrary waveform generators, digitizers, and power meters.

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New-Tech Magazine Europe l 21

Sophistication of Satellite Communication Infrastructure Offering Strong Impetus to Defence Communication System Sales.

FMI Study

Significant Gains Projected for Wireless Communication Equipment The rapid growth of industrial wireless communication technology has boosted the interest of the military community in leveraging industrial technologies and techniques to address communication needs. Military wireless communication systems are usually designed to work in sharp environments, where the devices exposed to environmental elements such as sand, dirt, and water, as well as extreme temperature variations. The need for communication equipment to preserve information and the need for consistent communication between the military forces are significant factors fuelling the growth of the defence communication system market.

Future Market Insights has recently published a market research report titled “Defence Communication SystemMarket – Global Industry Analysis 2014 – 2018 and Opportunity Assessment 2019 – 2029.” Satellite communication represents an essential role in maintaining the combination of advanced satellite communication into existing communications and observation structures. As operational demands have increased and technological changes progressed at a rapid speed, the bandwidth demand has expanded exponentially. The growth of satellite communication infrastructure helps produce new terrestrial broadcasting networks to increase operational coordination. Thus, the growth in satellite communication infrastructure is resulting in the rapid demand for defence communication equipment and satellites.

Communication plays a vital part in the successful execution of any mission. Whenever any small group of companies or entity sent on a particular purpose, it required that the volunteers or existence remain in contact with other organisations so that they can accomplish their task. Moreover, in cases when the companies have to share some vital information or the coordinates of some location, there is the need of high-quality and reliable communication, so that no wrong information is shared due to the low quality of communication. IoT Invasion Triggering Development of Robust Defence Communication Systems Defence communication systems are highly secure and stable, due to which various government

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associations and entities of countries are choosing defence communication systems for providing safe and reliable communication to their forces. Due to the high density and environment sensor systems, a growing number of the battlefield assets are now converting the network entities. The significant adoption of IoT technologies is significantly improving several aspects of military operations. The adoption of IoT technologies in military services significantly benefits military intelligence reconnaissance operations and surveillance. Moreover, a significant increase in the IoT market is leading to the manufacturing of energy- efficient and more robust defence communication devices. In addition, improvements in low- power computing, miniaturisation, identification, machine-to-machine communication, and radio frequency are also among factors creating high growth opportunities for the defence communication system market. On the basis of product type, the global defence communication

system market is sub-segmented into systems that include radio systems, satellite communication systems, and radar & sonar systems, and services that include consulting, testing & integration, and support & maintenance. Growth in satellite communication infrastructure generates the rapid demand for satellite and defence communication equipment. On the basis of application, the global defence communication system market is sub-segmented into systems such as command and control, situational awareness and intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR). On the basis of military branch, the market is sub-segmented into naval force, air force, and land force. Due to the rapid adoption of IoT in military operations, various countries are demanding more powerful and energy-efficient defence communication devices. In addition, on the basis of geography, North America is expected to dominate in the global defence communication system market due to the advent

of next-generation technological advancements in the U.S. Competition Analysis: Defence Communication System Market Some of the key players in the global defence communication systemmarket research report include General Dynamics Corporation, Airbus S.A.S., QinetiQ Group PLC, BAE Systems PLC, Northrop Grumman Corporation , Rockwell Collins Inc., Lockheed Martin Corporation, Raytheon Company, Thales Group, and Harris Corporation. These companies in the defence communication system market are continually focusing on providing leading products and following the strategy of entering into collaborations and partnerships with other defence communication system providers to offer enhanced communication system devices and to reach new growth markets during the forecast period. These insights are based on a report by FMI on https://www. futuremarketinsights.com/reports/ defence-communication-system-market

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Silent Switcher Devices Are Quiet and Simple

Tony Armstrong, Analog Devices

Introduction It goes without saying that PC board layout determines the success or failure of every power supply design. It sets functional, electromagnetic interference (EMI), and thermal behavior. While switching power supply layout is not black magic, it is often overlooked until it is too late in the design process. Therefore, having a proven way to mitigate the potential threats from EMI generation from the onset can ensure a quiet and stable power supply. While many switch mode power supply designers are familiar with the design complexities and nuances of switch mode supplies, there are simply not enough designers in many companies to get all the designs done for all of their project needs. They are retiring and leaving the industry! So, how does this problem get solved? Well, for one thing, more and more digital designers are being asked to

take on switch mode power supply designs, if for no other reason than there are simply not enough analog power supply designers to get the job done! While it is safe to say that most digital designers know how to design with a simple linear regulator, not all of their power requirements are step- down (buck mode). In fact, many are step-up mode (boost) or even a buck-boost topology (buck and boost modes combined). Clearly, an obvious question facing many electronic systems manufacturers is this: How will all the switch mode power supply circuits needed in my systems get finished? Solving a Design Resource Shortfall During the course of this discourse, I will go over some of the basics of buck regulator operation including how high di/dt and parasitic inductance in the switcher hot loop

cause electromagnetic noise and switch ringing. And then we will see what can be done to reduce the high frequency noise. I will also introduce ADI’s Power by Linear™ Silent Switcher® technology, including how it is constructed, and demonstrate how it helps solve EMI problems without any compromises. This will also include how Silent Switcher devices work. I will also give an overview of Silent Switcher packaging and layout and discuss how these can enhance the overall performance of the step- down converters. Moreover, I will show how to achieve a higher level of integration of our Silent Switcher device by demonstrating how this technique can be incorporated into our μModule® regulators. These provide simple and easy to use solutions for those users who are not sophisticated in switch mode power supply design techniques.

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