9781422286784

This soccer sta- dium in Warsaw, Poland, even does away with human ticket takers. Fans just scan their tickets to open the moving gates.

PDF with a unique bar code. The code is then scanned at the stadium gate. Some teams are able to scan from a smart phone, eliminating even the paper ticket. In 2014, the Los Angeles Dodgers took the final step in this process. The team announced that it would no longer print and mail tick- ets to season-ticket holders. Instead, all such sales and deliveries would be electronic. Some longtime fans grumbled that they would miss the souvenir-ready cardboard. Other teams said that they would watch the experiment and see how it went.

ARENAS, FIELDS, AND FANS

39