2018 Section 6 - Laryngology, Voice Disorders, and Bronchoesophalogy

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All individuals

Never smokers

Wheezing

P < .001

Dyspnoea

P < .001

Sputum production

P < .001

Chest pain or tightness

P < .001

50 60 70

10 20 30 40

50 60 70

10 20 30 40

Prevalence (%)

Current smokers

Former smokers

Wheezing

P < .001

Dyspnoea

P < .001

Sputum production

P < .001

Chest pain or tightness

P < .001

50 60 70

10 20 30 40

50 60 70

10 20 30 40

Prevalence (%)

Without chronic cough

With chronic cough

Figure 4 – Prevalence of accompanying respiratory symptoms according to chronic cough and smoking status. P values obtained from Pearson c 2 test.

Discussion In a large sample of the adult general population, the prevalence of chronic cough was 4% and increased with age from approximately 2% in the age groups between 20 and 50 years to approximately 5% in the age groups between 70 and 100 years. The prevalence was 3% in never smokers, 4% in former smokers, and 8% in current smokers. At the level of the individual, the top-ranked chronic cough risk factors based on the magnitude of the ORs were bronchiectasis, asthma, and gastroesophageal re fl ux disease in never smokers; bronchiectasis, asthma, and occupational exposure to dust/fumes in former smokers; and air fl ow limitation in current smokers. At the level of the community, the top-ranked chronic cough risk factors based on the magnitude of the PARs were female sex, asthma, and gastroesophageal re fl ux disease in never smokers; abdominal obesity, low income, and asthma in former smokers; and air fl ow limitation in current smokers. Median total score of the Leicester Cough Questionnaire in the general population was 17.3 (25th-75th percentile, 15.4-18.9). Corresponding values were 5.8 (25th-75th percentile, 5.0-6.3) for the physical domain, 5.6 (25th-75th percentile, 4.6-6.3) for the psychologic domain, and 6.3 (25th-75th percentile, 5.5-6.8) for the

was not signi fi cantly associated with chronic cough when adjusting for age, but was forced into the model. When stratifying for smoking status, the age-adjusted ORs for the top-ranked chronic cough risk factors were 5.0 (95% CI, 1.4-18) for bronchiectasis, 2.6 (95% CI, 1.7-3.9) for asthma, and 2.3 (95% CI, 1.5-3.4) for gastroesophageal re fl ux disease in never smokers; 7.1 (95% CI, 2.6-20) for bronchiectasis, 3.1 (95% CI, 2.2-4.4) for asthma, and 2.2 (95% CI, 1.5-3.2) for occupational exposure to dust/fumes in former smokers; and 1.9 (95% CI, 1.3-2.9) for air fl ow limitation in current smokers ( Table 3 ). Risk Factors for the Population At the level of the community, the PARs for the three top-ranked risk factors were 20% for smoking, 19% for low income, and 18% for abdominal obesity ( Table 2 ). When stratifying for smoking status, PARs for the top-ranked chronic cough risk factors were 19% for female sex, 10% for asthma, and 8% for gastroesophageal re fl ux disease in never smokers; 20% for abdominal obesity, 20% for low income, and 13% for asthma in former smokers; and 23% for air fl ow limitation in current smokers.

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Original Research

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