2018 Section 6 - Laryngology, Voice Disorders, and Bronchoesophalogy

TABLE 3 ] Ranking of Risk Factors for Chronic Cough in the General Population According to Smoking Status Ranking by OR Ranking by PAR Risk Factor OR (95% CI) a P Value a Prevalence, % Risk Factor PAR b , % Never smokers Bronchiectasis 5.0 (1.4-18) .01 < 1 Female sex 19 Asthma 2.6 (1.7-3.9) < .001 7 Asthma 10 Gastroesophageal re fl ux disease 2.3 (1.5-3.4) < .001 7 Gastroesophageal re fl ux disease 8 Upper airway cough syndrome 2.1 (1.2-3.6) .008 4 Air fl ow limitation c 7 Air fl ow limitation c 1.6 (1.1-2.2) .01 14 Upper airway cough syndrome 4 Female sex 1.4 (1.0-1.9) .03 57 Bronchiectasis 1 Occupational exposure to dust/fumes 1.6 (0.89-2.7) .12 5 Abdominal obesity d (11) Abdominal obesity d 1.3 (0.95-1.7) .11 47 Low income (4) Low vegetable intake 1.1 (0.82-1.6) .46 22 Occupational exposure to dust/fumes (3) Low income 1.1 (0.81-1.5) .53 42 Low vegetable intake (3) Former smokers Bronchiectasis 7.1 (2.6-20) < .001 < 1 Abdominal obesity d 20 Asthma 3.1 (2.2-4.4) < .001 7 Low income 20 Occupational exposure to dust/fumes 2.2 (1.5-3.2) < .001 8 Asthma 13 Upper airway cough syndrome 1.9 (1.1-3.0) .01 5 Air fl ow limitation c 10 Gastroesophageal re fl ux disease 1.7 (1.2-2.4) .003 10 Low vegetable intake 9 Low income 1.5 (1.1-2.0) .006 48 Occupational exposure to dust/fumes 9 Air fl ow limitation c 1.5 (1.1-2.0) .007 24 Gastroesophageal re fl ux disease 7 Abdominal obesity d 1.4 (1.1-1.9) .02 60 Upper airway cough syndrome 4 Low vegetable intake 1.4 (1.1-1.8) .02 26 Bronchiectasis 2 Female sex 0.98 (0.75-1.3) .87 53 Female sex ( 1) Current smokers Air fl ow limitation c 1.9 (1.3-2.9) .001 33 Air fl ow limitation c 23 Low income 1.5 (0.97-2.2) .07 61 Low income (22) Low vegetable intake 1.4 (0.99-2.1) .05 39 Abdominal obesity d (17) Abdominal obesity d 1.4 (0.91-2.0) .14 58 Low vegetable intake (15) Occupational exposure to dust/fumes 1.3 (0.81-2.1) .27 15 Female sex (13)

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prevalence of chronic cough has been shown to be two- to threefold higher in current smokers compared with never smokers or former smokers, 11,29,30 in accordance with the present fi ndings. Because the prevalence of chronic cough did not differ substantially between

Smoking was identi fi ed as the most important risk factor for chronic cough at the level of community. Cigarette smoke includes a large quantity of different chemicals, and it is well-documented that smoking leads to coughing and other respiratory symptoms. The

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Original Research

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