Developmental Psychology

Development for a child is between two extremes; books that a child can read with the help of an adult. 1.18 Information Processing and Memory Some cognitive theories look at the human brain like a computer that is filled with information that is encoded. The information is conformed into a format that can easily be stored and/or kept appropriately, then easily retrieved from a person’s memory. When it comes to categories of memory, there are three main categories; sensory, short-term, and long-term. Let’s look at these three categories. Sensory Memory 1. Usually lasts a few seconds 2. Will hold information from the senses, such as hearing, taste, touch, etc. 3. If not rehearsed or repeated, it will leave this area. Short-Term Memory 1. Has a limited capacity of only 5 to 9 items 2. The brain has the ability or organize thoughts into groups for more storage Long-Term Memory 1. Has unlimited capacity and may last for an unlimited time. 2. Information must go through the rehearsal stage 3. The information can be retrieved with retrieval strategies Retrieval Strategies: • Rehearsal : Repetitive actions until something is remembered • Elaboration : starts with basic information, and grows into more complex ideas and thoughts • Association : Being able to connect new and old information together • Retrieval Cues : Physical, verbal, visual and/or auditory cues to aid in the process of remembering • Working Memory : Information is held that is currently being used

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