AOAC Annual Meeting_AIMS

Definitions

From Cryptosporidium/Giardia ISO Standard 18744-Microbiology of the food chain — Detection and enumeration of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in fresh leafy green vegetables and berry fruits Cyclospora - Single-celled protozoan parasites and are classified as obligate intracellular coccidian parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa. (In introduction?) Species of Cyclospora develop in the gastrointestinal tract of vertebrates throughout their entire live cycle. Immature (unsporulated) oocysts are then shed in feces. Cyclospora oocysts must mature in the environment (outside the host), under favorable conditions, to become infective to someone else. Cyclospora cayetanensis – A species of the genus Cyclospora . It appears that all human cases are caused by this species; no animal reservoirs for C. cayetanensis have been identified. Oocyst - A hardy, thick-walled stage of the life cycle of coccidian parasites. This is the stage that is shed in the feces of people infected with parasites such as Cyclospora and Cryptosporidium . Protozoan oocysts may vary in size and shape. Cryptosporidium oocysts are spherical in shape and ~4-5 um in diameter. Cyclospora oocysts are spherical in shape and 8-10 um in diameter. Related species of Eimeria oocysts can be 10-30 um in length and width and are more ovoid in shape. (In introduction?) The process by which immature (noninfective) coccidian oocysts develop into the mature, infective form. (Also see “coccidian” and “oocyst.”) The conditions and setting in which sporulation occurs varies among coccidian parasites. For example, Cryptosporidium oocysts are shed in the feces in an already sporulated state. In contrast, Cyclospora oocysts must mature in the environment (outside the host), under favorable conditions, to become infective to someone else. Fresh Leafy green vegetable - Plant leaves eaten as a vegetable, which have not been subjected to any process, except perhaps cutting and washing. Fresh berry fruits - Small, round or oblong, fleshy and juicy fruit, which has not been subjected to any process except perhaps cutting and washing. Internal extraction control - (Oo)cysts that may be added in defined numbers to the sample prior to processing to assure that the method is operating properly. Internal Amplification Control – A DNA segment added to the master mix for PCR from which a segment is amplified to determine if the PCR reaction was successful. Positive PCR control – A DNA segment, possibly a synthetic version of the target DNA, added to a PCR master mix without sample to determine that the PCR reaction worked successfully. Negative PCR control – A sample known to be negative for the target and run with unknown samples to provide evidence that large scale cross contamination did not occur. This sample is not run through the extraction process. Sporulated oocyst - The mature, infective form of a coccidian oocyst. Herbs(?) -