1st ICAI 2020

International Conference on Automotive Industry 2020

Mladá Boleslav, Czech Republic

In the future, the vehicle supply pattern is expected to change: just as we charge our cell phones today before leaving home, we will also recharge our vehicles at night, when they are not being used. It will be cheaper to recharge during those off-peak hours. During the transition phase for electric mobility, however, the dissemination of a public charging infrastructure contributes to a greater acceptance of the electric car. Regarding the benefits that electric cars bring to society, in addition to reducing GHG emissions and the better energy efficiency of these vehicles, we can also mention the contribution that batteries can bring to the electricity grid. First, the consumer will be able to use the energy stored in the batteries of electric cars as a backup in emergency situations. Besides that, batteries can help compensate for the intermittency of renewable wind and solar sources, storing the energy generated when the sun is shining or the wind is blowing for later use (IAB, 2017). Finally, with the help of smart grids, consumers will be able to inject the energy stored in their electric car battery into the grid when it is most advantageous, according to the price of electricity. This vehicle to grid (V2G) mechanism may be used at scale by electricity distributors, when there are enough electric cars for that purpose (USA, 2012). In short, electric cars are developing around the planet and will reach a larger scale in the coming years. As for Brazil, even if we do not participate in this initial phase of development of electric cars, the country must still observe closely the developments that are occurring in other countries, begin to adjust its regulation for the insertion of this new technology in the country, educating society about the real costs and benefits of electric cars. At the end of 2016, the 3,627 electric cars existing in Brazil represented a very small share of the market when considering the more than 41.5 million vehicles in circulation in Brazil (FGV, 2018). In Norway, for example, the market share for electric cars reaches 23%, while in the Netherlands, this number is 10% (FGV, 2019). In addition, Brazil is still a large market for light vehicles. If compared to countries close and with similar characteristics, such as Argentina and Mexico, the motorization rates (inhabitants /car) is 3.1 and 3.5, respectively – are much lower than that present in Brazil, which reaches 4.911 (FGV, 2019). Therefore, it is expected that a large part of the existing vehicle market will be occupied by electric cars, pure and hybrid, in the near future. In addition, with the resumption of economic growth and the consequent increase in the population’s income and the supply of credit, light vehicle sales are expected to recover over the next 10 years. Therefore, despite having a reduced participation, electric cars are expected to gain space in the Brazilian fleet over the next decades. As in the rest of the world, the evolution of the electric car in Brazil must also be accompanied by planning, adjustments in regulation and stakeholder participation in the various sectors involved – automotive, energy and environmental, in addition to consumers. 2. Electric Cars and Energy The change in vehicle fuel, from fossil to electric, will have an effect on the electricity demand. In this way, the Brazilian electrical sector needs to start preparing for this

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