20 Prostate Cancer

Prostate Cancer

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THE GEC ESTRO HANDBOOK OF BRACHYTHERAPY | Part II: Clinical Practice Version 1 - 01/12/2014

events at 10 years for intermediate and high risk prostate cancer patients treat- ed with hypofractionated high dose rate boost and external beam radiotherapy. Int J RadiatOncolBiolPhys 2011; 79: 363-370 67. Galalae RM, Martinez A, Mate T,et al. Long-term outcome by risk factors using conformal high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) boost with or without ne- oadjuvant androgen suppression for localized prostate cancerInt J Radiat ncol Biol Phys. 2004 Mar 15;58(4):1048-55 68. Hoskin PJ, Rojas AM, Bownes PJ, Lowe GJ, Ostler PJ, Bryant L. Randomised trial of external beam radiotherapy alone or combined with high-dose-rate brachytherapy boost for localised prostate cancer.RadiotherOncol. 2012; 103: 217-222 69. Khor R, Duchesne G, Tai KH, Foroudi F, Chander S, Van Dyk S, Garth M, Wil- liams S Direct 2-arm comparison shows benefit of high-dose-rate brachyther- apy boost vs external beam radiation therapy alone for prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2013 Mar 1;85(3):679-85 70. Yoshioka Y, Komishi K, Somida Y et al . Monotherapeutic high dose rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer: five year results of an extreme hypofraction- ation regimen with 54Gy in nine fractions. Int J RadiatOncolBiolPhys 2011: 469-475 71. Demanes DJ1, Martinez AA, Ghilezan M, Hill DR, Schour L, Brandt D, Gus- tafson G. High-dose-rate monotherapy: safe and effective brachytherapy for patients with localized prostate cancer Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2011 Dec 1;81(5):1286-92 72. Hoskin P, Rojas A, Lowe G, Bryant L, Ostler P, Hughes R, Milner J, Cladd H High-dose-rate brachytherapy alone for localized prostate cancer in patients at moderate or high risk of biochemical recurrenceInt J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2012 Mar 15;82(4):1376-84. 73. Pieters B, Geijsen ED, Koedooder K,et al. Tretament results of PDR brachyther- apy combined with radiotherapy external beam in 106 patients with inter- mediate and high risk prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011; 79: 1037-1042 74. Chen CP, Weinberg V, Shinohara K et al . Salvage HDR brachytherapy for recur- rent prostate cancer after previous definitive radiation therapy: 5-year outco- mesChen. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Physics 2013;86(2):324-9 75. Terk MD, Stock RG, Stone NN. Identification of patients at increased risk for prolonged urinary retention following radioactive seed implantation of the prostate. J Urol 1998;160:1379-1382. 76. Stone NN, Stock RG. Prospective assessment of patient-reported long-term urinary morbidity and associated quality of life changes after 125I prostate brachytherapy. Brachytherapy 2003;2:32-39. 77. Merrick GS, Butler WM, Wallner KE,et al. Erectile function after prostate brachytherapy Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005 Jun 1;62(2):437-47 78. Bottomley D1, Ash D, Al-Qaisieh B, Carey B, Joseph J, St Clair S, Gould K Side effects of permanent I125 prostate seed implants in 667 patients treated in Leeds Radiother Oncol. 2007 Jan;82(1):46-9 79. Phan J1, Swanson DA, Levy LB, Kudchadker RJ, Bruno TL, Frank SJ Late rectal complications after prostate brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer: inci- dence and management Cancer. 2009 May 1;115(9):1827-39 80. Merrick GS, Bulter WM, Galbreath RW, et al . Erectile function after permanent prostate brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2002;52:893-902. 81. Stock RG, Kao J, Stone NN. Penile erectile function after permanent radioac- tive seed implantation for treatment of prostatecancer. J Urol 2001;165:436- 439. 82. Potters L, Torre T, Feam PA, et al . Potency after permanent prostate brachyther- apy for localized prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001;50:1235- 1242. 83. Martinez AA, Demanes J, Vargas C, Schour L, GhilezanM, Gustafson GS High- dose-rate prostate brachytherapy: an excellent accelerated-hypofractionated treatment for favorable prostate cancer Am J Clin Oncol. 2010 Oct;33(5):481-8 84. Hinnen KA1, Schaapveld M, van Vulpen M et al . Prostate brachytherapy and second primary cancer risk: a competitive risk analysis. J Clin Oncol 2011;29(34):4510-5 85. Murray L, Henry A, Hoskin P, Siebert FA, Venselaar J et al . Second primary cancers after radiation for prostate cancer: A systematic review of the clinical data and impact of treatment technique Radiotherapy and Oncology, 2014; 110:213-228

86. Peters M1, Moman MR, van der Poel HG, Vergunst H, de Jong IJ, Vijver- berg PL, Battermann JJ, Horenblas S, van Vulpen M World J Urol. 2013 Apr;31(2):403-9. doi: 10.1007/s00345-012-0928-8. Epub 2012 Aug 18.Patterns of outcome and toxicity after salvage prostatectomy, salvage cryosurgery and salvage brachytherapy for prostate cancer recurrences after radiation therapy: a multi-center experience and literature review.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors of this chapter are much indebted to the author of the original version of the chapter on Prostate Cancer in the first edition of the GEC-ES- TRO Handbook on Brachytherapy Dan Ash. Furthermore, the content is based on the content of the ESTRO teaching course whose teachers should also be acknowledged: Bashar Al-Qaisieh, Jean Marc Cosset, Stephan Macht- ens, Carl Salembier and Frank Andre Siebert, together with past and present members of the GEC ESTRO prostate working group

AUTHORS Peter Hoskin, MD FRCP FRCR Consultant Clinical Oncologist Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood and Professor of Clinical Oncology University College London, UK

György Kovacs, MD PhD Professor for Radiotherapy, UKSH Campus Lübeck, University of Lübeck, Germany Marco van Vulpen, PhD MD Professor, Department of Radiotherapy University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands Dimos Baltas, PhD Professor, Department of Medical Physics and Engineering Sana Klinikum Offenbach GmbH, Germany