Toothless European Citizenship / Šimon Uradnik

(non-)existence of mutual societal attachment, or in other words, whether a Union citizen identifies him or herself as European belonging and attached to a broader culturally interlinked society of the Union. The entitative identity, 115 referring to M. Haller and R. Ressler, consists of two main elements: the emotional component — defined as belonging and attachment to a society of an entity and as a specific kind of love for an entity, awareness of its pride and shame; and the action component — defined as a willingness to take action to support an entity and to endorse political measures in order to strengthen that entity’s position. 116 For the purposes of this part, the former is inspected, whilst the latter is more relevant for the following subsubchapter. Ad the belonging and attachment to a society of an entity, of the European Union in this case. The empirical data collected by the Eurobarometer are more than convenient. They are examined on the same ground plan as examined by M. Haller and R. Ressler in their research in 2006, 117 hence, through aspects of attachment to a city/ town/village, to a country, to the European Union, and to Europe. Figure I. − Levels of attachment to the different entities

Source: Standard Eurobarometer 100 − Autumn 2023 First of all, one clarification must be made; namely, the subject under examination of this research is not attachment and belonging to non-defined Europe but to the European Union since it is Union citizenship that is the matter at issue. According to these results, 59% of 115 M. Haller and R. Ressler use ‘national identity’; however, since the European Union is described as the entity sui generis , it is more appropriate to utilise, in the context of the European Union, the term entitative identity instead of national identity. 116 Max Haller and Regina Ressler, ‘National and European identity: A study of their meanings and interrelationships’ (2006) 47/4 Revue française de sociologie 821 accessed 1 st April 2023. 117 Ibid 838.

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