9781422285534

60 Coal

Index

greenhouse gas emissions, regulations to reduce, 54 mining disasters, 53 Morden Mine (Vancouver Island), 15 Springhill Mine (Nova Scotia, Canada), 25 strikes by miners, 41 Weyburn Project, 48 William Davis Miners’ Memorial Day (Canada), 41 carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology, approaches, 48–49 carbon content and heat (BTUs) contained in coal, 15 carbon dioxide. See also greenhouse gas emissions formation of, 31–32 reduction technologies, 48–49 Carboniferous animals, 11 Carboniferous coal. See anthracite (Carboniferous coal) Carboniferous period, 9, 11, 16 Carboniferous plants, 10, 11 China coal industry, production, 38, 44 smog (Shanghai), 49 coal bed methane, 35 coal dredging, 23 coal dust, 40, 51, 53 coalfields, 19 coal gasification process, 35–36, 48 coalification stages, 12–16 anthracite and graphite, 14–16

(page numbers in italics refer to photographs and illustrations) acid mine drainage (AMD), 52 acid rain, 51 age of coal, 9, 11, 16 “old” or “mature” coal, 14 “young” or “immature” coal, 13 amphibians, 11 anthracite (Carboniferous coal) age of, 11 carbon content and heat (BTUs), 15

formation, 14–16 location of, 11, 34 Anthracite Coal Strike of 1902, 41 anthracite industry, 34 anti-coal campaigners, 43–44 area mining, 22–23 arsenic, 7, 16

auger mining, 23 automation, 38, 43

Big Muskie, 21 bituminous coal, 9 carbon content and heat (BTUs), 15 formation of, 13–14 location of, 38 metallurgic coal, creation of, 33 sub-bituminous coal (black lignite), 12–14, 15, 16, 38 bituminous coal industry, 34 boreholes, 18 sniffers, 20 test boreholes, 20–21 “bridge” energy source, natural gas, 54

bituminous coal, 13–14 peat and lignite, 12–13

coal industry, 38–44 automation, 38, 43 bituminous coal industry, 34 Canada, 38, 43, 48, 53, 54 China, 38, 44, 49 coal gasification process, 35–36, 48 dangers, 40–43 exportation trends, 43–44 fracking, 38, 43

bulk carrier ships, 31 “buried sunshine,” 16

Canada coal industry, 38, 43, 48, 53, 54 coal reserves, 14