9781422285534

Index

61

ferns, 10, 11, 13 finding coal, 19–21 firedamp, 13, 52–53 fire salamander, 11 first power plant in North America, 39 flue gases, 28, 31–32 carbon reduction, 48

greenhouse gas emissions, 7, 31–33, 46, 47–48, 53, 54 importing coal, 43 Mexico, 14, 38 modern trends, 38, 43–44 “ready-made” coal production (Wyoming), 35 strikes by miners, 41, 43 top 10 coal-producing nations, 44 US coal production, 39, 41, 43 coal products, 35–36 coal seam gases (CSGs), 35 coal seam methane, 35–36 coal seams mining, 19, 21, 22, 23, 25, 35–36 coal times and places, 16

formation of coal, 9–16 fossil fuels, 9, 33, 43, 47 fracking, 38, 43 future of coal, 53–54

glaciers, 47 global warming, 7, 47 gravimeters, 20 greenhouse gas emissions, 7, 46, 47–48 carbon dioxide, 47 carbon reduction technologies, 48–49 global warming, 47 methane, 47–48 power plants, 31–33 reduction of, 53, 54 regulations to reduce emissions, 54 griffinflies, 11

coal-to-liquids (CTL) process, 36 coking coal, 33–34 Colombia, 43, 44 continuous mining, 24 cordaitales, 10, 11 Cretaceous Period, 16

Davis, William, 41 deep coal mines. See underground (deep) mining destructive distillation process, 33 direct coal-to-liquids (CTL) process, 36 “dirty” coal, 7, 49–51 acid rain, 51 liquid waste, open-pit coal mine, 50 smog (Shanghai, China), 49 dragline excavators, 21, 22 Earth’s natural magnetic field, 20 Edison, Thomas, 39 electricity generating power plants. See power plants electrostatic precipitators, 32–33 excavators, 18 Big Muskie, 21 dragline excavators, 21, 22 exportation trends, 43–44 dredging, 23 drift mine, 23 dust, 40, 51, 53

heavy metals, 51 arsenic and mercury, 7, 16 Hillcrest Mine (Canada), 53 horsetail fern, 10, 11 hydraulic fracturing, 38, 43

ice caps, 47 “immature” coal, 13 importing coal, 43 Industrial Revolution, 39, 54 inertite, 16 integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plants, 48–49 iron production, 33–34

Jindrich II Mine (Czech Republic), 25 Jurassic period, 16

labor disputes, miners, 40–43