9781422285534

63 Index

power plants, 7, 30–33 carbon reduction, 48 electric power plants, 30–31 electrostatic precipitators, 32–33 first power plant in North America, 39 greenhouse gas emissions, 7, 46, 47–48, 53, 54 power generation, 30–31 power plant emissions, 31–33 processing, 30–31 scrubbers, 28, 32, 33 produced water, 35 producer gas, 35 “ready-made” coal production (Wyoming), 35 Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships (RCSPs), 48 renewable energy, 53–54 types of, 43 reserves, 7, 9, 14, 38–39 retreat mining, 25 room-and-pillar mining, 25–26 Roosevelt, Theodore, 41 run-of-mine (ROM) coal, 28

subsidence, 46, 51–52 supporters of coal, 7, 44, 53–54 surface mining, 21–23 coal dredging, 23 environmental impacts, 51, 52 excavators, 18, 21, 22 mountaintop removal (MTR) or mountaintop mining (MTM), 23, 51 open-pit mining, 23, 24, 42, 50 overburden, 21, 23 rare forms of, 23 syngas, 36, 48 synthetic natural gas (SNG), 36

tailing, 29, 52 test boreholes, 20–21 top 10 coal-producing nations, 44 Tower Mine (Utah), 25 transporting coal, 28–30, 43 bulk carrier ships, 31 Triassic period, 16 types of coal, carbon content, 12 types of mining

room-and-pillar mining, 25–26 surface mining, 18, 21–23, 50, 51 underground (deep) mining, 23–25, 26, 46, 51–52 underground (deep) mining, 23–25, 26 environmental impact, soil heaps, 46, 51–52 examples of deep coal mines, 25 Upper Big Branch Mine (Canada), 53 US coal production, 39, 41, 43 US coal reserves, 13–14

salamander, 11 scrubbers, 28, 32, 33 seismic surveys, 19–20 seismometers, 20 shaft mine, 23–24 ships, bulk carrier, 31

slope mine, 23 smelting, 33–34 smog (Shanghai, China), 49 sniffers, 20, 53

soil heaps, 46, 51–52 spoil, 23, 29, 46, 52 Springhill Mine (Nova Scotia, Canada), 25

vitrinite macerals, 16

watercourses, 46, 52 water pollution from coal mines, 51, 52 Westray Mine (Canada), 53 Weyburn Project (Canada), 48 WilliamDavis Miners’ Memorial Day (Canada), 41

steel production, 33–34 strikes by miners, 41, 43 strip mining, 22–23

sub-bituminous coal (black lignite) carbon content and heat (BTUs), 15 formation, 12–13, 16 location, 13–14, 38

“young” coal, 13