SPORT 1913 - 2013

part two_CHAPTER 7

markably increases our understanding of it, taking the social and political circumstances that have significantly influenced the devel- opment of this movement into account. However, there are other quality studies and reviews on history of worker sport, too. They mostly cover the field in specific coun- tries but also, to some degree, the internation- al worker sport movement (e.g. Gastgeb 1952; Krammer 1981; Hentilä 1982, 1984, 1987, Mous- tard 1983: Murray 1987; Nittnaus & Zink 1992; Kruger 1993; Nitsch & Peiffer, 1995; Fankhaus- er 2010). Most of them have been written in the native language of the country. Therefore, they unfortunately have not reached world- wide audiences. Just to mention Hentilä’s works on the history of worker sport in Fin- land (TUL): three books consist of altogether 1 637 pages in Finnish. It is known that the dominating sport cultures tend to neglect or even avoid the de- scription of the development of sport cultures of minorities. Worker sport has represented a minority culture in almost every western so- ciety that existed and still exists. Before the breakdown of the Soviet Union at the end of 1991, the situation was completely different in former Eastern European countries. In those countries, at that time, the worker sport dom- inated sports culture for decades.

following way (CSIT 2008, CSIT 2011): (1) the full members, which are willing to be fully in- volved in the action and policy programs of the organization, (2) the (sub)continental members, which are willing to participate in some activities, (3) the candidate members, which are asking to be members, and (4) the applicant members, which are asking for in- formation. Furthermore, there is also the cat- egory of associated member, meaning the will to be less involved in the CSIT sport and poli- cy programs. The first four categories have been applied in this study. Table 1 indicates that at the end of 2011, the CSIT had altogether 44 organizations in its different membership categories from 34 countries. Out of them 35 were full members from 28 countries and 3 were (sub)continental members (the COPADET/Americas, the BWS/ Balkans and the ALSO/Africa). Furthermore, it was found that there were 3 unions applying for the full member status (the FNSPT/Congo, the WSFI/India and the HIS/Turkey) and 3 unions applying for the member status (the ICSF/India, the WOF/Iran and the ZZBSS/Slo- venia). During the Rio de Janeiro CSIT Congress in 2011, 5 members (the FSST/Senegal, the RSLU/Sweden, the ECSF/Egypt, the PPSF/Pal- estine and the AEDPT/Spain) were excluded because of unpaid membership fees. While analysing the early years of the full members, it was found that the oldest member organizations stem from the end of the 19 th century (See Table 1, page 116.) . The oldest one

is the Swiss SATUS from 1874 and the second oldest is the Austrian ASKÖ from 1892. In Bul- garia, the worker sport movement has been founded in 1895 (Nedelchev 2012). The Ger- man RKB-Solidarität is from 1896 1 . The Esto- nian KALEV stems from 1901. The French FSGT began its functions in 1908 but was founded again in its current name in 1934. Thus the above mentioned five organizations are clearly the oldest members of the CSIT. The Finnish TUL has been founded in 1919, the Irish NACAI (now merged with the AAI) in 1922, the Dutch NCS as well as the French FFST in 1926 and the Belgian AFSTB in 1927, the Danish DAI in 1929 and the Portu- guese INATEL in 1935. During the 1940s’, four member organizations have been established: the Lithuanian ZALGIRIS in 1944, the Brazil- ian SESI and the Estonian JOUD both in 1946 and the Italian UISP in 1948. As the table 1 shows, the next oldest CSIT members were founded in the 1960s: the Italian ACSI and the Angolan UNTA in 1960, and the Italian AICS in 1962. The year of foundation of the Tunisian ONCST is 1971, the Senegalese FSST 1976, the Algerian FAST and the Belgian FROS 1977. The Mexican INDET has been established in 1986. Among the youngest ones belong the Bulgarian BWFS, the Cyprian PASEK and the Latvian LTSA, all from 1990, the Russian MKSO and the Russian ROSSIYA from 1991, the Bulgarian BWSU from 1997, the Swedish RSLU from 2000, the Romanian CSE and the Russian ATOMSPORT from 2002.

From the Swiss SATUS in 1874 to the Chinese CWCIE in 2011

When conducting this study, the CSIT defined the categories of its members/unions in the

115

1) Data given by Mrs. Sofia Radlinger from RKB-Solidarität on the 2 nd of September 1991.