CYIL Vol. 6, 2015

MARTIN FAIX CYIL 6 ȍ2015Ȏ analyzuje možnosti, ktoré pre zakotvenie práva na odškodnenie v kontexte medzi- národných organizácií ponúkajú medzinárodné zmluvy a jednostranné právne akty. V poslednom kroku uvádza možnosť a parametre prenositeľnosti zodpovednostnej koncepcie, pričom na jej základe v závere dospieva k názoru, že i v prípade medzi- národných organizácií je možné dovodiť existenciu povinnosti medzinárodnej or- ganizácie k odškodneniu a s ním korešpondujúceho práva dotknutého jednotlivca. Key words: Right to reparation, international organisations, right to remedy, customary international law, international responsibility, individuals On the author: JUDr. Martin Faix, PhD., MJI, is a Senior Lecturer in International Law at Palacký University in Olomouc, Faculty of Law, and at Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Law. He was educated at universities in Giessen, Germany (Dipl. Jur. Univ., 2006, MJI, 2009), Brisbane, Australia (2003) and Prague, Czech Republic (PhD., 2011, JUDr., 2012). In his teaching and research Dr. Faix focuses on the law of International Organisations (especially regional organisations), International Human Rights Law and International Security Law (military operations of international organisations). 1. Introduction and preliminary issues In the postWorldWarTwo era international organisations grew to be multifunctional entities vested with greatly increased functions and competences which concern many areas of vital interest for the international community, including human rights. 2 From the legal point of view, they are regarded as separate legal entities under international law, and thus they are also generally able to bear obligations under human rights law. We can observe a general tendency of shifting away from the state as the solely responsible entity in the area of human rights and imposing (human rights) obligations on other non-state actors, including international organisations. 3 However, this qualitative and quantitative institutional evolution has also led to an increased ability of international organisations to impact individuals and their legal position directly, including by conduct amounting to a threat or even a breach of individuals’ rights, as has occurred for example in the course of military operations, administration of territories, imposing sanctions on individuals or adoption of policies. Thus the starting point of this contribution is a simple one: international organisations have 2 International organisations have become important actors in promoting respect for human rights (and the rule of law). They contributed significantly to the higher effectiveness of international human rights law in many ways, but especially through the institutionalisation of its enforcement or providing the framework for its codification. With regard to the influence of international organisations on international law, see for example: VITZTHUM, W. Graf von (Hrsg.), Völkerrecht, 2nd ed. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2001, pp. 279 et seqq. 3 LARSEN, Kjetil Mujezinović. The human rights treaty obligations of peacekeepers . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012, pp. 58-59.

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