Chapter 14
*
Dental Cements
237
Table 14.2
Summary of materials used as liners, bases, and sub-bases.
Material Used Commercial
Names
Composition
Type of
Reaction
Clinical Situation
Advantages
Disadvantages
Solution
liner
Varnish
Copal varnish
Natural copal/nitrated
cellulose resin, acetone/
alcohol
May contain eugenol,
thymol,
or fluorides
No reaction
Evaporation of
solvent leaves
a thin film
RDT ≥ 2 mm
Used under amalgam
restorations
•
Can be coated on
internal surfaces close to
the cavosurface margin
•
Seals margins of freshly
inserted amalgam
restorations
•
Cannot be used under
GIC or composite
resins
•
Provides only initial
thermal and electrical
insulation under
metallic restorations
Suspension
liner/low
strength
bases
Calcium
hydroxide
Dycal, Calcimol,
Pre-line
Calcium hydroxide and
organic solvent (methyl
ethyl ketone/ethyl alcohol
or aqueous solution of
methyl cellulose)
RDT < 1 mm
Used under GIC and
composite resin
restorations
•
Capable of inducing
secondary dentin
formation
•
Forms a stable, adherent
layer
•
Very short working
time
•
High solubility
•
Placement is difficult;
tends to stick to the
instrument
Light-cured
Ca(OH)
2
Calcimol LC,
Septocal LC
UDMA resin, Ca(OH)
2
,
barium sulfate, HEMA,
photoinitiator
Photo-
polymerization
RDT < 1 mm
Used under GIC and
composite resin
restorations
•
Command set with light,
so ample working time
•
Available in single tube,
no mixing required
•
It does not provide
thermal and electrical
insulation
Zinc oxide
eugenol
(type IV)
Kalzinol
Powder:
Zinc oxide, rosin,
zinc acetate, zinc stearate
Liquid:
Eugenol
Chelation
reaction
RDT = 1–2 mm
Used under interim
restorations
•
Adequate working time
•
Difficult to maintain
consistency after mix
High
strength
bases
GIC
Fuji Lining LC,
Vitrebond,
Ketac-Bond
Acid–base
reaction
RDT = 1–2 mm
Used under composite
restorations
•
Highly biocompatible
•
Chemical adhesion
•
Anticariogenic
•
Technique and
moisture sensitive
•
Increased solubility
Reinforced ZOE IRM
Powder:
Zinc oxide,
hydrogenated rosin, zinc
acetate, zinc stearate
Liquid:
Eugenol,
polystyrene/
methylmethacrylate
Chelation and
polymerization
reaction
RDT = 1–2 mm
Under amalgam
restorations
•
Good sealing due to CTE
close to that of tooth
•
Obtundent effect on
the pulp
•
Removal of excess is
difficult
Reinforced ZOE
Zinc phosphate
Harvard Cement,
Hy-Bond
Powder:
Zinc oxide,
magnesium oxide, other
oxides
Liquid:
Orthophosphoric
acid
Acid–base
reaction
RDT = 1–2 mm
Under amalgam
restorations and
inlays/onlays
•
High compressive
strength to withstand
forces of condensation
•
Good thermal and
electrical insulator
•
Pulpal irritant due to
low initial pH
•
Mechanical retention
only
Zinc
polycarboxylate
Hy-Bond
Polycarboxylate
Durelon, Poly F
Powder:
Zinc oxide,
magnesium oxide, and
other oxides
Liquid:
Polyacrylic acid,
copolymers of other acids
Acid–base
reaction
RDT = 1–2 mm
Used under composite
and amalgam
restorations
•
Chemical adhesion
•
Biocompatible
•
Anticariogenic
•
Short working time
•
Difficult manipulation
CTE, coefficient of thermal expansion; GIC, glass ionomer cement; HEMA, hydroxyethyl methacrylate; IRM, intermediate restorative material; RDT, remaining dentin thickness;
UDMA, urethane dimethacrylate; ZOE, zinc oxide eugenol.
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