C H A P T E R 1 0
Antiviral agents
129
Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum
Smooth
endoplasmic reticulum
Polyribosomes
Golgi
apparatus Virus
Cilia with
microtubules
Peroxisomes
Lysosomes
Nucleus:
Nuclear
membrane
Nuclear pore
Nucleolus
Cell membrane
Microtubules
Mitochondria
Centrioles
Virus
particles
Hepatitis B
agents
Influenza A/
respiratory virus agents
Herpes virus
agents
FIGURE 10.2
Agents for treating influenza A
and respiratory viruses prevent shedding of
the protein coat and entry of virus into the
cell. Herpes virus agents alter viral DNA
production. Anti–hepatitis B agents block
DNA formation, preventing the formation
of new viruses.
Non-nucleoside
reverse transcriptase
inhibitors work here
CD4 +
binding
site
Viral
polyprotein
GP120
1
2
3
Reverse
transcriptase
4
5
6
7
8
CCR5 coreceptor
antagonist works
here
Nucleoside
reverse transcriptase
inhibitors work here
Integrase inhibitors
work here
Protease inhibitors
work here
Fusion
inhibitors work
here
FIGURE 10.3
Agents that attempt to
control HIV and AIDS work in
the following ways: interference
with HIV replication by blocking
synthesis of viral DNA (non-
nucleoside and nucleoside
reverse transcriptase inhibitors);
blockage of protease within the
virus, leading to immature, non-
infective virus particles (protease
inhibitors); prevention of virus
from fusing with the cellular
membrane, thereby preventing
the HIV-1 virus from entering the
cell (fusion inhibitors); blockage
of HIV virus reaction with the
receptor site that would allow it
to enter the cell (CCR5 coreceptor
antagonists); and prevention of
necessary encoded enzyme action
for viral reproduction (integrase
inhibitors).
