C H A P T E R 1 5
Introduction to the immune response and inflammation
239
McKenna, L. (2012).
Pharmacology Made Incredibly Easy
(1st Australian and New Zealand edn). Sydney: Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins.
McKenna, L. & Mirkov, S. (2014).
McKenna’s Drug Handbook for
Nursing and Midwifery
(7th edn). Sydney: Lippincott Williams
& Wilkins.
Peakman, M. & Vergani, D. (2009).
Basic and Clinical Immunology
(2nd edn). London: Churchill-Livingstone.
Porth, C. M. (2011).
Essentials of Pathophysiology: Concepts
of Altered Health States
(3rd edn). Philadelphia: Lippincott
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Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health
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C H E C K Y O U R U N D E R S T A N D I N G
Answers to the questions in this chapter can be found in
Appendix A at the back of this book.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Select the best answer to the following.
1.
Antibodies:
a.
are carbohydrates.
b.
are secreted by activated T cells.
c.
are not found in circulating gamma globulins.
d.
are effective only against specific antigens.
2.
B and T cells are similar in that they both:
a.
secrete antibodies.
b.
play important roles in the immune response.
c.
are activated in the thymus gland.
d.
release cytotoxins to destroy cells.
3.
Which of the following is not a cytokine?
a.
interleukin 2
b.
antibody
c.
tumour necrosis factor
d.
interferon
4.
As part of the non-specific defence against infection,
a.
blood flow and vascular permeability to
proteins increase throughout the circulatory
system.
b.
particles in the respiratory tract are engulfed by
phagocytes.
c.
B cells are released from the bone marrow.
d.
neutrophils release lysosomes, heparin and
kininogen into the extracellular fluid.
5.
B cells respond to an initial antigen challenge by:
a.
reducing in size.
b.
immediately producing antigen-specific
antibodies.
c.
producing a large number of cells that are unlike
the original B cell.
d.
producing new cells that become plasma cells and
memory cells.
6.
Interleukins are:
a.
chemicals released when a virus enters a cell.
b.
chemicals secreted by activated leucocytes.
c.
part of the kinin system.
d.
activated by arachidonic acid.
7.
Treating fevers remains a controversial subject
because:
a.
fevers make people feel ill.
b.
higher temperatures act as catalysts to many of
the body’s chemical reactions.
c.
higher temperatures can suppress the body’s
normal metabolism.
d.
higher temperatures can alter the body’s hormone
levels, particularly that of progesterone.
8.
After describing the function of T cells, the nurse
or midwife would identify the need for additional
teaching if the person stated that T cells become
which of the following?
a.
cytotoxic T cells
b.
helper T cells
c.
suppressor T cells
d.
antibody-secreting T cells
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
Select all that apply.
1.
Which of the following statements could be used to
describe a neutrophil?
a.
They possess the property of phagocytosis.
b.
When activated, they release a pyrogen that
causes fever.
c.
When the body is injured, they are produced
rapidly and in large numbers.
d.
They are not capable of movement outside the
circulatory system.
e.
They are most often seen in response to an
allergic reaction.
f.
They float around in the blood and release
chemicals in response to injury.
2.
The inflammatory response is activated whenever
cell injury occurs. An inflammatory response would
involve which of the following activities?
a.
activation of Hageman factor
b.
vasodilation in the area of the injury
c.
generalised oedema and tumour development
d.
changes in capillary permeability to allow
proteins to leak out of the capillaries
e.
activation of complement
f.
production of interferon
