83
The charcoal supply chain
Price of a bag of
charcoal at retail market
Percentage of the total
selling price, Malawi
33
12
3
25
6
21
Producer
Packing
Transport
Market fee
Private taxes
and bribes
Retailer
Production site
Retail market
Middlemen
Roadside vendor
Wholesale market
Armed groups
roadblocks
Armed groups
roadblocks
Police or other
official authority
Forestry
department
Household
International
market via
Internet
International
market,
shipping
Point of control,
roadblock with informal
taxation and bribing
Police or other
official authority
Sources: Kambewa, P.,
et al
., Charcoal: the reality, 2007
Figure 18:
The charcoal supply chain.
