MESOPHOTIC CORAL ECOSYSTEMS – A LIFEBOAT FOR CORAL REEFS?
92
Aquarium.
Honolulu Magazine
. Available from http://www.
honolulumagazine.com/Honolulu-Magazine/May-2012/The-30000-Peppermint-Angelfish-at-Waikiki-Aquarium/ [Accessed
April 25, 2015].
Katz, T., Ginat, H., Eyal, G., Steiner, Z., Braun, Y., Shalev, S. and
Goodman-Tchernov, B.N. (2015). Desert flash floods form
hyperpycnal flows in the coral-rich Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea.
Earth
and Planetary Science Letters
, vol. 417, pp. 87-98.
Keppel, G., Van Niel, K.P., Wardell-Johnson, G.W., Yates, C.J.,
Byrne, M., Mucina, L., Schut, A.G.T., Hopper, S.D. and Franklin,
S.E. (2012). Refugia: identifying and understanding safe havens
for biodiversity under climate change.
Global Ecology and
Biogeography
, vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 393-404.
Kerswell, A.P. (2006). Global diversity patterns of benthic marine
algae.
Ecology
, vol. 87, pp. 2479-2488.
Kimmel, J. (1985). A characterization of Puerto Rican fish
assemblages [dissertation]. University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez,
Puerto Rico, 106 p.
Kimura, T., Shimoike, K., Suzuki, G., Nakayoshi, I., Shioiri, A.,
Tabata, A., Tabata, Y., Fujita, Y., Zayasu, Y., Yamano, H., Namizaki,
N., Yokoi, K., Ogasawara, K. and Yasumura, S. (2011). Large scale
communities of
Acropora horrida
in the mesophotic zone off
Kume Island, Okinawa.
Journal of the Japanese Coral Reef Society
,
vol. 13, pp. 43-45 (in Japanese).
Kininmonth, S., Lemm, S., Malone, C. and Hartley, T. (2014). Spatial
vulnerability assessment of anchor damage within the Great
Barrier Reef World Heritage Area, Australia.
Ocean and Coastal
Management
, vol. 100, pp. 20-31.
Kirk, J.T.O. (1994). Light and photosynthesis in aquatic ecosystems
.
Cambridge University Press, New York, 500 p.
Knudby, A., Kenchington, E. and Murillo, F.J. (2013). Modeling
the distribution of
Geodia
sponges and sponge grounds in the
northwest Atlantic.
PLoS ONE
, vol. 8, No. 12, e82306.
Koenig, C.C. and Coleman, F.C. (2012). Chapter 12.7: Gag Grouper
—
Mycteroperca microlepis
. In: Sadovy de Mitcheson, Y. and Colin,
P.L. (eds.). Reef fish spawning
aggregations: biology, research and
management. Springer, New York, pp. 439-445.
Koenig, C.C., Coleman, F.C., Grimes, C.B., Fitzhugh, G.R., Scanlon,
K.M., Gledhill, C.T. and Grace, M. (2000). Protection of fish
spawning habitat for the conservation of warm-temperate reef-
fish fisheries of shelf-edge reefs of Florida.
Bulletin of Marine
Science
, vol. 66, No. 3, pp. 593-616.
Koenig, C.C., Shepard, A.N., Reed, J.K., Coleman, F.C., Brooke, S.D.,
Brusher, J. and Scanlon, K.M. (2005). Habitat and fish populations
in the deep-sea
Oculina
coral ecosystem of the western Atlantic.
American Fisheries Society Symposium
, vol. 41, pp. 795-805.
Kosaki, R.K., Kane, C. and Pyle, R.L. (2012). Trophic structure of
mesophotic fish assemblages in the northwestern Hawaiian
Islands [abstract]. 12th International Coral Reef Symposium, 9-13
July 2012, Cairns, Australia, pp. 208-209.
Kuhlmann, D.H.H. (1983). Composition and ecology of deep water
coral associations.
Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen
, vol. 36, pp.
183-204.
Kulbicki, M., Beets, J., Chabanet, P., Cure, K., Darling, E., Floeter,
S.R., Galzin, R., Green, A., Harmelin-Vivien, M., Hixon, M.,
Letourneur, Y., Lison de Loma, T., McClanahan, T., McIlwain, J.,
MouTham, G., Myers, R., O’Leary, J.K., Planes, S., Vigliola, L. and
Wantiez, L. (2012). Distributions of Indo-Pacific lionfishes
Pterois
spp. in their native ranges: implications for the Atlantic invasion.
Marine Ecology Progress Series
, vol. 446, pp. 189-205.
Labiosa, R.G., Arrigo, K.R., Genin, A.,Monismith, S.G. and vanDijken,
G. (2003). The interplay between upwelling and deep convective
mixing in determining the seasonal phytoplankton dynamics in the
Gulf of Aqaba: evidence from SeaWiFS and MODIS.
Limnology and
Oceanography
, vol. 48, No. 6, pp. 2355-2368.
Lang, J.C. (1974). Biological zonation at the base of a reef:
observations from the submersible Nekton Gamma have led to
surprising revelations about the deep fore-reef and island slope at
Discovery Bay, Jamaica.
American Scientist
, vol. 62, pp. 272-281.
Lang, J.C., Hartman, W.D. and Land, L.S. (1975). Sclerosponges:
primary framework constructors on the Jamaican fore-reef.
Marine Research
, vol. 33, pp. 223-231.
Langdon, C. and Atkinson, M. (2005). Effect of elevated pCO
2
on photosynthesis and calcification of corals and interactions
with seasonal change in temperature/irradiance and nutrient
enrichment.
Journal of Geophysical Research
, vol. 110, C09S07.
Lehnert, H. and van Soest, R.W.M. (1999). More North Jamaican
deep fore-reef sponges.
Beaufortia
, vol. 49, No. 12, pp. 141-169.
Leichter, J.J. and Genovese, S.J. (2006). Intermittent upwelling and
subsidized growth of the scleractinian coral
Madracis mirabilis
on the deep fore-reef of Discovery Bay, Jamaica.
Marine Ecology
Progress Series
, vol. 316, pp. 95-103.
Leichter, J.J., Stokes, M.D. and Genovese, S.J. (2008). Deep water
macroalgal communities adjacent to the Florida Keys reef tract.
Marine Ecology Progress Series
, vol. 356, pp. 123-38.
Leichter, J.J., Wankel, S., Paytan, A., Hanson, K., Miller, S. and
Altabet, M.A. (2007). Nitrogen and oxygen isotopic signatures of
subsurface nitrate seaward of the Florida Keys reef tract.
Limnology
and Oceanography
, vol. 52, No. 3, pp. 1258-1267.
Lesser, M.P. and Slattery, M. (2011). Phase shift to algal dominated
communities at mesophotic depths associated with lionfish
(
Pterois volitans
) invasion on a Bahamian coral reef.
Biological
Invasions
, vol. 13, No. 8, pp. 1855-1868.
Lesser, M.P. and Slattery, M. (2013). Ecology of Caribbean sponges:
are top-down or bottom-up processes more important?
PLoS
ONE
, vol. 8, No. 11, e79799.
Lesser, M.P., Slattery, M. and Leichter, J.J. (2009). Ecology of
mesophotic reefs.
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and
Ecology
, vol. 375, pp. 1-8.
Lesser, M.P., Slattery, M., Stat, M., Ojimi, M., Gates, R.D. and
Grottoli, A. (2010). Photoacclimatization by the coral
Montastraea
cavernosa
in the mesophotic zone: light, food, and genetics.
Ecology
, vol. 91, No. 4, pp. 990-1003.
Lindfield, S.J., McIlwain, J.L. and Harvey, E.S. (2014). Depth refuge
and the impacts of
SCUBA spearfishing on coral reef fishes.
PLoS
ONE
, vol. 9, No. 3, e92628.
Littler, D.S. and Littler, M.M. (1992). Systematics of
Avrainvillea
(Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) in the tropical western Atlantic.
Phycologia
, vol. 31, No. 5, pp. 375-418.
Littler, M.M. and Littler, D.S. (2012). Bloom of the giant
Anadyomene
gigantodictyon
sp. nov. (Anadyomeniaceae, Cladophorales) from
the outer slope (25-50 m) of the Belize Barrier Reef.
Journal of
Phycology
, vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 60-63.
Littler, M.M., Littler, D.S., Blair, S.M. and Norris, J.N. (1986). Deep-
water plant communities from an uncharted seamount off San
Salvador Island, Bahamas: distribution, abundance and primary
productivity.
Deep-Sea Research
, vol. 33, pp. 881-892.
Littler, M.M., Littler, D.S. and Brooks, B.L. (2005). Extraordinary
mound building
Avrainvillea
(Chlorophyta): the largest tropical
marine plants.
Coral Reefs
, vol. 24, p. 555.
Littler, M.M., Littler, D.S. and Hanisak, M.D. (1991). Deep-water
rhodolith distribution, productivity, and growth history at sites of
formation and subsequent degradation.
Journal of Experimental
Marine Biology and Ecology
, vol. 150, pp. 163-82.
Locker, S., Armstrong, R., Battista, T., Rooney, J., Sherman, C.
and Zawada, D. (2010). Geomorphology of mesophotic coral
ecosystems: current perspectives on morphology, distribution,
and mapping strategies.
Coral Reefs
, vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 329-345.
Loya, Y. (1972). Community structure and species diversity of
hermatypic corals at Eilat, Red Sea.
Marine Biology
, vol. 13, No.
2, pp. 100-123.
Loya, Y. (1975). Possible effects of water pollution on the community
structure of Red Sea corals.
Marine Biology
, 29, No. 2, pp. 177-185.
Loya, Y. (1976b). Effects of water turbidity and sedimentation on the
community structure of Puerto Rican corals.
Bulletin of Marine
Science
, vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 450-466.