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4.1
Summary of the Economic Impact from theWest, Central
and Southern African LMEs
The services provided by coastal and ocean ecosystems are
critical to the west, central and southern African economies.
While some of the estimated values summarized here might
seem quite large – such as the GCLME fisheries DOI or the
CCLME “opportunities for tourism and recreation” – these
studies are only a first attempt to estimate the economic
value and contribution of the west, central and southern
African ocean and coastal ecosystems. This is a challenging
undertaking which must still overcome big hurdles in terms
of data collection and analysis.
Although BLCME coastal ecosystem services are not
examined, the ocean ecosystem services reviewed (including
fisheries, mariculture and recreational fisheries) have a
significant economic effect on the three BCLME countries.
The estimated DOI of these ecosystem services totals US$ 602
million (Figure 25) and, after multipliers are applied, these
services provide an estimated TEI of US$ 2.35 billion and wage
impact of US$ 472 million (Figure 12).
199
For Angola and South
Africa, each country’s calculated TEI estimate from fisheries,
mariculture and recreational fisheries is approximately 1.1 per
cent and 0.2 per cent of their respective US$ 35 billion (2006
dollars) and US$ 227 billion GDPs (2006 dollars). Meanwhile,
Namibia’s estimated TEI from ocean ecosystems plays a larger
part, constituting approximately 22 per cent of its relatively
small US$ 6.7 billion GDP (2006 dollars).
200
The estimated 86,200 jobs (various years) supported by
BCLME fisheries, mariculture and recreational fishing
sectors are also of great socioeconomic importance to these
countries, specifically South Africa, which benefits from the
most jobs generated (Figure 13) and the largest estimated
wage impact (Figure 12).
201
This is particularly advantageous
for SouthAfrica as it suffers froma lower national employment
ratio (39 per cent in 2014) than both Angola (65 per cent in
2014) and Namibia (48 per cent in 2014).
202
Likewise, the GCLME and CCLME services have a tremendous
economic impact of roughly $28.9 billion (Figure 25).
203
The
GCLME’s estimated US$ 17.2 billion impact is 5 per cent of
the GCLME countries’ summed GDPs (US$ 346 billion in
2009), while the CCLME’s estimated US$ 11.7 billion is 11 per
cent of the CCLME countries’ summed GDPs (US$ 106 billion
in 2009).
204,205
The greatest share of this impact appears
to be from the GCLME’s fisheries sector and the CCLME’s
“opportunities for tourism and recreation” (Figure 25).
206
GCLME
CCLME
BCLME
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
$602
$11,696
$11,696
$17,233
12,000
10,000
10,0
8,000
6,000
00
4,000
2,000
0
Sources: Sumaila (2015), Interwies (2011); Interwies and Görlitz (2013).
US$ Millions per year
U on
r
Coastal Provisioning
& Regulating Services
Tourism (GCLME)/Opportunities
for Tourism (CCLME)
Biodiversity &
Cultural Services
Biodiv
MSY Fisheries
(minus nurseries)
Fish Nurseries
DOI Fisheries
Figure 25:
Economic Impact from the BCLME, GCLME and CCLME Coastal and Ocean Ecosystems.
Source: Sumaila (2015), Interwies (2011) and Interwies and Görlitz (2013).