48-49 / 52
Biology
38
2
Copy thewords in theboxesbelow and thendraw lines tomatchup each term
with thebestdescription.There aremoredescriptions than terms.
(4)
Ecological term
Description
Nitrate
All themembersof the same species living inone area
Competition
Managing the environment for thebenefitofwildlife
Population
Neededbyplants in thehabitat tomake chlorophyll
Conservation
Amineraloften added to farmland in fertilisers
Twoormoreorganisms trying toobtain the same thing
from their environment
3
Thediagram shows a foodweb in the sea close toAntarctica.
bacteria
leopard seal
emperor penguin
squid
adeliepenguin
crabeater seal
fish
krill
tinyplants
(phytoplankton)
(a) (i)
Identify an exampleof eachof the following
(4)
•
aherbivore
•
aproducer
•
a carnivore
•
anorganism thatbreaksdownwastematerials
(ii)
Drawouta food chainoffiveorganisms selected from this foodweb.
(2)
(b)
Emperorpenguins feedon squid.Squid swim veryquickly andhave a
slippery skin.
Suggest
two
ways inwhich the Emperorpenguin iswell adapted to catching
itsprey.
1847196_Science_Ex_Prac_Ques_C08_037_042.indd 38
19/10/15 5:11PM
8
Relationships in an ecosystem
39
4
Whichoptionbest completes eachof the following sentences?
(a)
Thefinal sizeof apopulation is
not
affectedby
(1)
themethodused to count theorganisms
competition for food
thenumberofdisease-causingorganisms
thenumberofpredators
(b)
The top carnivore in ahabitat is always
(1)
abird
a fox
very small
an animal
(c)
Eachof the following is an exampleofpollution except
for
(1)
excess chemicalsflowing into rivers
poisonous chemicalsbeing sprayedonto crops
woodlandbeing cutdown
sulfurdioxidebeing released from car engines
(d)
Ahabitatdoes
not
provide
(1)
food
breeding sites
predators
shelter
5
The graphbelow showshow thepopulationofwild trout in a lake changedover
aperiodof time.
A
B
C
D
E
populationof trout
time
(a) (i)
Whatdoes the section labelledD tell you about thebirth rate and
thedeath rateof the troutduring this timeperiod?
(1)
(ii)
Explainhow you know this.
(1)
(b) (i)
Whichpartof the curve showswhen thefishbegan to competewith
eachother for food?
(1)
1847196_Science_Ex_Prac_Ques_C08_037_042.indd 39
19/10/15 5:11PM
£16.99
9781471847165
£15.99
9781471847196
■
Includes the ISEB Common Entrance mark scheme
■
Help pupils to refine answers with worked examples and diagrams
science for Common Entrance
13+ Exam Practice Answers
£13.99
9781471847226
Sci ence
science for Common Entrance
13+ Revision Guide
Revise every topic and theory tested in the ISEB 13+ Common Entrance
exams for biology, chemistry and physics.
■
Handy revision checklist, tips and advice make revision easier and
more effective
■
‘Test yourself’ exercises ensure material is fully understood
science for Common Entrance
13+ Exam Practice Questions
Build exam confidence with a multitude of questions reflecting the style
and level of the ISEB Common Entrance science exam.
■
Practise applying knowledge for every topic for biology, chemistry and physics.
■
Each chapter tests a single topic, to make it easier to identify strengths
and weaknesses
■
Just like the Common Entrance papers, each section begins with a series of
multiple-choice questions
88
Physics
5
Preliminary knowledge
for 13+ Physics
5.1
Simple electric circuits
l
Lamps light, motors turn and buzzers sound when an electric current passes
through them.
l
We say that electric current moves from the + (positive) terminal through
the
circuit
to the – (negative) terminal of a cell/battery. (This is called the
conventional flow of current.)
l
A battery is made up of two or more cells connected together.
l
Electric current moves through wires (leads), which are electrical conductors.
Remember from your study of chemistry about conductivity:
l
Conductors let heat and/or electricity pass through them.
For example, all metals.
l
Insulators do not let heat/electricity pass through them.
For example, wood, plastics, air, expanded polystyrene.
For an electric circuit to work:
l
there must be no gaps, i.e. there must be a complete circuit
l
all cells must face the same way, i.e. be the same way round.
Drawing electric circuits
l
Circuits should be drawn as straight lines for the conducting wires.
l
Circuit symbols should be drawn to represent the various components
(lamps, cells, etc.).
Revision tip
This chapter isdivided into four sections and containsmaterialyou
MUSTKNOW tobe successful at13+ exams.
Be sure thatyou can answerALL thequestions in this chapter as afirst
partof your revision.
1847165_Science_RG_BP_05.indd 88
08/10/15 2:59PM
89
5
Preliminary knowledge for13+Physics
Circuit symbols
Component
Symbol
What the component isused for
Cell (battery)
Provides electrical energy for the circuit
Power supply (labpack)
Alternative tousing cells
Wire (lead)
Lets electric current travel through it
Bulb/lamp
Converts electrical energy intoheat and light energy
Motor
M
Converts electrical energy intomovement energy
Buzzer
Converts electrical energy into
soundenergy
Push-button switch
Whenpressed, it completes the circuit,allowing the current
toflow
Switch
When closed, it completes the circuit,allowing the current
toflow
Adding cells or lamps
l
The lamp, cell and switch are connected in series – the components are
connected one after another. And there is only one path for the current
to follow.
l
The lamp is said to shine with ‘normal brightness’ (one cell, one lamp).
l
Adding more lamps makes each lamp dimmer.
l
Adding another cell makes the lamp in the circuit brighter.
In general
l
If the number of cells = the number of lamps, the lamps are of normal
brightness.
l
If the number of cells > the number of lamps, the lamps are brighter than
normal brightness.
l
If the number of cells < the number of lamps, the lamps are dimmer than
normal brightness.
The misnamed ‘short circuit’
l
This is misnamed because it has nothing to do with length.
l
Electric current will always take the easiest route.
This ‘short cut’means the
currentwill not reach the bulb,
and the lampwill not light up.
A fault in mains equipment could cause a person to receive an electric shock.
To prevent this, an earth wire is found in most plugs. The earth wire is the
short circuit that takes the current to the ground rather than passing through
a person.
1847165_Science_RG_BP_05.indd 89
08/10/15 2:59PM
Science for Common Entrance 13+ Revision Guide –
Chapter 5: Preliminary knowledge for 13+ physics
17
8
Relationships in
an ecosystem
2
nitrate – a mineral often added to farmland in fertilisers
competition – two or more organisms trying to obtain the same thing
from their environment
population – all the members of the same species living in one area
conservation – managing the environment for the benefit of wildlife
(4)
3 (a) (i)
a herbivore – krill/squid
a producer – phytoplankton
a carnivore – any organism other than phytoplankton,krill or
bacteria
an organism that breaks down waste materials – bacteria
(4)
(ii)
for example:
phytoplankton
➞
krill
➞
fish
➞
crabeater seal
➞
leopard seal
(2)
(b)
any two of:
•
streamlined shape
•
webbed feet
•
sharp beak
(2)
4 (a)
the method used to count the organisms
(1)
(b)
an animal
(1)
(c)
woodland being cut down
(1)
(d)
predators
(1)
1 (a)
breakdownwastematerials
(1)
(b)
photosynthesis
(1)
(c)
a food chain
(1)
(d)
iodine solution
(1)
(e)
quadrat
(1)
(f)
a carnivore
(1)
(g)
green plant
(1)
1847226_Science_Ex_Prac_ANS_Biology.indd 17
19/10/15 8:51AM
approved
4 7
4 6
Science for Common Entrance 13+ Exam Practice Answers –
Chapter 8: Relationships in an ecosystem
Science for Common Entrance 13+ Exam Practice Questions –
Chapter 8: Relationships in an ecosystem
Te l :
0 1 2 3 5 4 0 0 5 5 5
I
V i s i t :
g a l o r e p a r k . c o . u k
Te l :
0 1 2 3 5 4 0 0 5 5 5
I
V i s i t :
g a l o r e p a r k . c o . u k
13+ revision & practice
FOR LATEST
ISEB SYLLABUS