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SUDAN
SOUTH SUDAN
ERITREA
DJIBOUTI
ETHIOPIA
SOMALIA
KENYA
UGANDA
TANZANIA
ZAMBIA
DRC
RWANDA
BURUNDI
Nile
Atbara
Setit
W
h
i
t
e
N
i
l
e
B
l
u
e
N
i
l
e
Jubba
Tana
Fafan
Shebelé
Dharoor
A
w
a
s
h
O
m
o
S
o
b
a
t
Lake Nyasa
(Malawi)
Lake Albert
Lake
Victoria
ganyika
Lake
Tan
Turkana
Lake
Bukavu
Bunia
Goma
Mekele
Mombasa
Nakuru
Eldoret
Kismaayo
Hargeysa
Merca
Berbera
Al Obeid
Wad Medani
Kassala
Al Gadarif
Morogoro
Arusha
Dar es Salaam
Zanzibar
Mbeya
Mwanza
Ethiopian
Highlands
Kenyan
Highlands
Southern
Highlands
Albertine Rift
Margherita Pk
Kilimandjaro
Mt Kenya
Satima
Ruwenzori
Nyiragongo
Nyamuragira
Muhabura
Mt Elgon
Guragé
Guna
Ras Dashen
Choqa
Bada
Batu
Meru
Khartoun
Asmara
Djibouti
Addis Abeba
Juba
Mogadishu
Nairobi
Kampala
Dodoma
Bujumbura
Kigali
East Africa region
Sources:J.WoodandA.Guth,“EastAfrica’sGreatRiftValley:AComplexRiftSystem”,GeoscienceNewsand Information
,geology.com(accessedNovember2015);UNEP,2010, “AfricaWaterAtlas”,
DivisionofEarlyWarningandAssessment (DEWA),UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme; UN,2015, “WorldUrbanizationProspects.The2014Revision”,UNDepartmentofSocial
Affairs-PopulationDivision;UNEP,2014, “AfricaMountainsAtlas”,UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme;UNEP,2012, “Africawithout IceandSnow”,GlobalEnvironmentalAlertService (GEAS),
UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgram.
200 km
Elevation
3 000
4 000
5 000
1 500
2 000
1 000
500
200
100
0
meters
Main peaks
Main cities
Capital cities
Other cities
Active
Volcanoes
Dormant
Extinct
Glaciers
Rifts
Protected areas
(above 1 500 m.a.s.l.)
Water towers
Copyright©2015GRID-Arendal ·Cartografare ilpresente/NievesLópez IzquierdoandDario Ingiusto
The East African Community (EAC)
Most of the region’s countries are members of the EAC,
a subregional intergovernmental organization made up
of Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania
and Uganda. The Protocol on Environment and Natural
Resources Management, which is not yet operational,
will be critical in the future management of East Africa’s
mountainous areas. The Protocol seeks to improve
collaboration in the management of East Africa’s
mountain ecosystems, transboundary resources,
biodiversity, forests, wildlife and water resources.
Non-EAC Member States
While the EAC is the most prominent inter-
governmental body in the subregion, East Africa’s
mountainous areas extend into non-EAC Member
countries such as Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia,
Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Overlapping membership
Multiple membership of regional economic
communities is common in East Africa, as it is
in the rest of Africa. Besides the EAC, some East
Africa countries are also members of the Southern
African Development Community (SADC), the
Intergovernmental Authority on Development
(IGAD) and the Common Market for Eastern
and Southern Africa (COMESA). According to
the United Nations Economic Commission for
Africa (2004), overlapping membership of regional
economic communities burdens Member States
with multiple financial obligations and a host of
different meetings, policy decisions, instruments,
procedures and schedules. For example, in dealing
with environment and development issues Tanzania
has to align its national policies, programmes and
institutional arrangements with not only the EAC’s
Protocol on Environment and Natural Resources
Management, but also with the SADC’s Protocol on
Natural Resources.